Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Systematic Review of Toxicological Studies to Identify the Association between Environmental Diseases and Environmental Factors

환경성질환과 환경유해인자의 연관성을 규명하기 위한 독성 연구 고찰

  • Ka, Yujin (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University) ;
  • Ji, Kyunghee (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University)
  • 가유진 (용인대학교 일반대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 지경희 (용인대학교 일반대학원 환경보건학과)
  • Received : 2021.09.03
  • Accepted : 2021.11.25
  • Published : 2021.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: The occurrence of environmental disease is known to be associated with chronic exposure to toxic chemicals, including waterborne contaminants, air/indoor pollutants, asbestos, ingredients in humidifier disinfectants, etc. Objectives: In this study, we reviewed toxicological studies related to environmental disease as defined by the Environmental Health Act in Korea and toxic chemicals. We also suggested a direction for future toxicological research necessary for the prevention and management of environmental disease. Methods: Trends in previous studies related to environmental disease were investigated through PubMed and Web of Science. A detailed review was provided on toxicological studies related to the humidifier disinfectants. We identified adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that can be linked to the induction of environmental diseases, and proposed a chemical screening system that uses AOP, chemical toxicity big data, and deep learning models to select chemicals that induce environmental disease. Results: Research on chemical toxicity is increasing every year, but there is a limitation to revealing a clear causal relationship between exposure to chemicals and the occurrence of environmental disease. It is necessary to develop various exposure- and effect-biomarkers related to disease occurrence and to conduct toxicokinetic studies. A novel chemical screening system that uses AOP and chemical toxicity big data could be useful for selecting chemicals that cause environmental diseases. Conclusions: From a toxicological point of view, developing AOP related to environmental diseases and a deep learning-based chemical screening system will contribute to the prevention of environmental diseases in advance.

Keywords

References

  1. Koh SB. Environmental diseases. J Korean Med Assoc. 2012; 55(3): 212-213. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2012.55.3.212
  2. Korea Ministry of Government Legislation. Environmental Health Act. Available: https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EB%B2%95 [accessed 25 August 2021].
  3. Pruss-ustun A, Corvalan C; World Health Organization. Preventing Disease through Healthy Environments: Towards an Estimate of the Environmental Burden of Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
  4. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). Environmental Diseases from A to Z. Available: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/assets/docs_a_e/environmental_diseases_environmental_diseases_from_a_to_z_english_508.pdf [accessed 25 August 2021].
  5. Zeliger HI. Causes, mechanisms and prevention of environmental diseases. Dual Diagn. 2015; 1(1): 1-18.
  6. National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). "Allergic rhinitis" has the highest number of patients under the age of 10. Available: https://www.nhis.or.kr/nhis/together/wbhaea01600m01.do?mode=view&articleNo=136900&article.offset=0&articleLimit=10&srSearchVal=%EC%B2%9C%EC%8B%9D [accessed 25 August 2021].
  7. National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Children with atopic dermatitis has a large number of patients in Jeju, and adults in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon. Available: https://www.nhis.or.kr/nhis/together/wbhaea01600m01.do?mode=view&articleNo=127650&article.offset=0&articleLimit=10&srSearchVal=%EC%95%84%ED%86%A0%ED%94%BC [accessed 25 August 2021].
  8. Kwon EJ. Analysis of treatment trends for asthma patients over the past 5 years. Policy Trends. 2019; 13(4): 56-65.
  9. Jung KH. The policy direction on environment diseases and environmental risk of children health. Health Welf Forum. 2009; 152: 100-111.
  10. Ministry of Environment. Systemic Response to Environmental Diseases such as Investigations on the Occurrence of Atopic Skin Diseases in Children. Available: http://www.me.go.kr/home/web/board/read.do?menuId=10126&boardMasterId=66&boardCategoryId=&boardId=145848 [accessed 25 August 2021].
  11. Ministry of Environment. Status of Environmental Health Center ('21.09.06). Available: http://www.me.go.kr/home/web/policy_data/read.do?menuId=10276&seq=7347 [accessed 30 November 2021].
  12. Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP). Core Technology Development Project for Prevention and Management of Environmental Disease. Available: https://scienceon.kisti.re.kr/commons/util/originalView.do?cn=TRKO202000024358&dbt=TRKO&rn [accessed 25 August 2021].
  13. Ahn JJ. Asbestos and environmental disease. J Environ Health Sci. 2009; 35(6): 538-541. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2009.35.6.538
  14. Musk AW, de Klerk N, Reid A, Hui J, Franklin P, Brims F. Asbestosrelated diseases. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020; 24(6): 562-567. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0645
  15. Park EK, Takahashi K, Jiang Y, Movahed M, Kameda T. Elimination of asbestos use and asbestos-related diseases: an unfinished story. Cancer Sci. 2012; 103(10): 1751-1755. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02366.x
  16. Choi KY, Lee SM, Lee CM, Seo SC. Factor analysis of environmental disease by air pollution: analysis and implication of Google Trends data with big data. J Environ Health Sci. 2018; 44(6): 563-571.
  17. Lam J, Koustas E, Sutton P, Padula AM, Cabana MD, Vesterinen H, et al. Exposure to formaldehyde and asthma outcomes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and economic assessment. PLoS One. 2021; 16(3): e0248258. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248258
  18. Jeong SH, Kim JH, Son BK, Hong SC, Kim SY, Lee GH, et al. Comparison of air pollution and the prevalence of allergy-related diseases in Incheon and Jeju City. Korean J Pediatr. 2011; 54(12): 501-506. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2011.54.12.501
  19. Kim J, Kim H, Lim D, Lee YK, Kim JH. Effects of indoor air pollutants on atopic dermatitis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016; 13(12): 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13121220
  20. Jeong MH, Kim HR, Park YJ, Chung KH. Akt and Notch pathways mediate polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via ZEB2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019; 380: 114691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2019.114691
  21. Jung HN, Zerin T, Podder B, Song HY, Kim YS. Cytotoxicity and gene expression profiling of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride in human alveolar A549 cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2014; 28(4): 684-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.004
  22. Kim HR, Hwang GW, Naganuma A, Chung KH. Adverse health effects of humidifier disinfectants in Korea: lung toxicity of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate. J Toxicol Sci. 2016; 41(6): 711-717. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.41.711
  23. Kim HR, Lee K, Park CW, Song JA, Shin DY, Park YJ, et al. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate aerosol particles induce pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Arch Toxicol. 2016; 90(3): 617-632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-015-1486-9
  24. Lee YH, Seo DS. Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats. J Toxicol Pathol. 2020; 33(4): 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1293/tox.2020-0043
  25. Lee YH, Seo DS, Lee MJ, Cha HG. Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride. J Toxicol Pathol. 2019; 32(4): 311-317. https://doi.org/10.1293/tox.2019-0049
  26. Lee JD, Kim HY, Kang K, Jeong HG, Song MK, Tae IH, et al. Integration of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics identifies biomarkers for pulmonary injury by polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), a humidifier disinfectant, in rats. Arch Toxicol. 2020; 94(3): 887-909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02657-x
  27. Lee J, Choi SJ, Jeong JS, Kim SY, Lee SH, Yang MJ, et al. A humidifier disinfectant biocide, polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, inhalation exposure during pregnancy induced toxicities in rats. J Hazard Mater. 2021; 404(Pt B): 124007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124007
  28. Nemery B, Hoet PH. Humidifier disinfectant-associated interstitial lung disease and the Ardystil syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015; 191(1): 116-117. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201409-1726LE
  29. Park EJ, Park SJ, Kim S, Lee K, Chang J. Lung fibroblasts may play an important role in clearing apoptotic bodies of bronchial epithelial cells generated by exposure to PHMG-P-containing solution. Toxicol Lett. 2018; 286: 108-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.003
  30. Park YJ, Jeong MH, Bang IJ, Kim HR, Chung KH. Guanidine-based disinfectants, polyhexamethylene guanidine-phosphate (PHMGP), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and oligo(2-(2-ethoxy) ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride (PGH) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol. 2019; 31(4): 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2019.1624896
  31. Park JS, Park YJ, Kim HR, Chung KH. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced ROS-mediated DNA damage caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. J Toxicol Sci. 2019; 44(6): 415-424. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.44.415
  32. Song JA, Park HJ, Yang MJ, Jung KJ, Yang HS, Song CW, et al. Polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate induces severe lung inflammation, fibrosis, and thymic atrophy. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014; 69: 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.027
  33. Song J, Kim W, Kim YB, Kim B, Lee K. Time course of polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018; 345: 94-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.013
  34. Do VQ, Seo YS, Park JM, Yu J, Duong MTH, Nakai J, et al. A mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone impairs rat vascular smooth muscle by depleting thiols and thereby elevating cytosolic Zn2+ and generating reactive oxygen species. Arch Toxicol. 2021; 95(2): 541-556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02930-z
  35. Lee E, Son SK, Yoon J, Cho HJ, Yang SI, Jung S, et al. Two cases of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone-associated toxic lung injury. J Korean Med Sci. 2018; 33(16): e119. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e119
  36. Park EJ, Seong E. Methylisothiazolinone induces apoptotic cell death via matrix metalloproteinase activation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2020; 62: 104661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104661
  37. Park EJ, Seong E, Kang MS, Lee GH, Kim DW, Han JS, et al. Formation of lamellar body-like structure may be an initiator of didecyldimethylammonium chloride-induced toxic response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020; 404: 115182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2020.115182
  38. Choi HY, Lee YH, Lim CH, Kim YS, Lee IS, Jo JM, et al. Assessment of respiratory and systemic toxicity of Benzalkonium chloride following a 14-day inhalation study in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2020; 17(1): 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-0339-8
  39. Jeon H, Kim D, Yoo J, Kwon S. Effects of benzalkonium chloride on cell viability, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress of human alveolar epithelial cells cultured in a dynamic culture condition. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019; 59: 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.027
  40. Baek W, Shim Y. A study on the improvement of health damage relief regulation due to environmental hazardous factors. J Environ Policy. 2013; 12(1): 75-100. https://doi.org/10.17330/joep.12.1.201303.75
  41. Klimisch HJ, Andreae M, Tillmann U. A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997; 25(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1996.1076
  42. Lee J, Choi SJ, Jeong JS, Kim SY, Lee SJ, Baek SK, et al. Adverse postnatal developmental effects in offspring from humidifier disinfectant biocide inhaled pregnant rats. Chemosphere. 2022; 286(Pt 2): 131636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131636
  43. Song MK, Kim DI, Lee K. Time-course transcriptomic alterations reflect the pathophysiology of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced lung injury in rats. Inhal Toxicol. 2019; 31(13-14): 457-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2019.1707912
  44. Go HN, Lee SH, Cho HJ, Ahn JR, Kang MJ, Lee SY, et al. Effects of chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) on Th2/Th17-related immune modulation in an atopic dermatitis mouse model. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1): 4099. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60966-8
  45. Pelletier G, Valli VE, Rigden M, Poon R. Effects of a 28-day oral exposure to a 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl4-isothiazolin-3-one biocide formulation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2014; 37(2): 149-155. https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2013.834353
  46. Park K. An analysis of a humidifier disinfectant case from a toxicological perspective. Environ Health Toxicol. 2016; 31: e2016013. https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2016013
  47. Perkins EJ, Ashauer R, Burgoon L, Conolly R, Landesmann B, Mackay C, et al. Building and applying quantitative adverse outcome pathway models for chemical hazard and risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2019; 38(9): 1850-1865. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4505
  48. Leem JH, Chung KH. Combined approaches using adverse outcome pathways and big data to find potential diseases associated with humidifier disinfectant. Environ Health Toxicol. 2016; 32: e2017003. https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2017003
  49. Jeong J, Garcia-Reyero N, Burgoon L, Perkins E, Park T, Kim C, et al. Development of adverse outcome pathway for PPARγ antagonism leading to pulmonary fibrosis and chemical selection for its validation: ToxCast database and a deep learning artificial neural network model-based approach. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019; 32(6): 1212-1222. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00040
  50. Liu SS, Wang HY, Tang JM, Zhou XM. Hypoxia-induced collagen synthesis of human lung fibroblasts by activating the angiotensin system. Int J Mol Sci. 2013; 14(12): 24029-24045. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141224029
  51. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA is Moving Towards the Future of Chemical Assessments with New Approach Methods. Available: https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/epa-moving-towards-future-chemical-assessments-new-approach-methods [accessed 25 August 2021].
  52. Tang W, Chen J, Wang Z, Xie H, Hong H. Deep learning for predicting toxicity of chemicals: a mini review. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2018; 36(4): 252-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2018.1537563