Journal of Power Electronics

  • 제21권12호
  • /
  • Pages.1855-1865
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 1598-2092(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2093-4718(eISSN)
전력전자학회 (The Korean Institute of Power Electronics)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Novel active and passive balancing method-based battery management system design and implementation

  • Kivrak, Sinan (Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Yildirim Beyazit University) ;
  • Ozer, Tolga (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University) ;
  • Oguz, Yuksel (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University) ;
  • Kelek, Muhammed Mustafa (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University)
  • 투고 : 2021.06.02
  • 심사 : 2021.09.29
  • 발행 : 2021.12.20
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this study, a novel battery management system (BMS) circuit topology based on passive and active balancing methods was created and implemented for battery-based systems. The circuit topology was designed so that both of the control methods can be applied when suitable software is used. A resistance-based passive control method was used. MOSFET switching elements were used as a load instead of a resistance. A bypass technique-based active balancing method was applied to the designed BMS. The applicability of these methods was separately tested as passive and active-based experimental systems. During the charging process, a voltage increase of the cells was observed at approximately 0.140 V after 16 min in the passive balancing mode. On the other hand, the voltage increase was measured at 0.155 V after 14 min in the active balancing mode. The average temperature of the cells in charge states was measured as approximately 25 ℃. The obtained experimental results verified that the proposed BMS topology can work successfully in both active and passive balancing operations. As a result of this study, active and passive balancing circuit structures were combined, and a new circuit topology has been introduced.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Tsiropoulos, I., Tarvydas, D., Lebedeva, N.: Li-ion batteries for mobility and stationary storage applications-scenarios for costs and market growth. JRC Publ. Repos. https://doi.org/10.2760/87175. (2018)
  2. Wang, N., Tang, L., Pan, H.: A global comparison and assessment of incentive policy on electric vehicle promotion. Sustain. Cities Soc. 44, 597-603 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.024
  3. Liu, K., Li, K., Peng, Q., et al.: A brief review on key technologies in the battery management system of electric vehicles. Front. Mech. Eng. 14(1), 47-64 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-018-0516-8
  4. Farmann, A., Sauer, D.U.: A comprehensive review of on-board State-of-Available-Power prediction techniques for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. J. Power Sources 329, 123-137 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.031
  5. Saw, L.H., Ye, Y., Tay, A.A.O.: Electro-thermal analysis and integration issues of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles. Appl. Energy 131, 97-107 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.06.016
  6. Lagraoui, M., Doubabi, S., Rachid, A.: SOC estimation of Lithium-ion battery using Kalman filter and Luenberger observer: a comparative study. In: International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). (2014)
  7. Nugroho, A., Rijanto, E., Wijaya, F.D., Nugroho, P.: Battery state of charge estimation by using a combination of Coulomb Counting and dynamic model with adjusted gain. In: Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application (ICSEEA). (2015)
  8. Daowd, M., Omar, N., Bossche, P.V.D., Mierlo, J.V.: Passive and active battery balancing comparison based on MATLAB Simulation. In: Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference. (2011)
  9. Phung T.H., et al.: Optimized structure for next-to-next balancing of series-connected lithium-ion cells. In: 26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). (2011)
  10. Preindl, M.: A battery balancing auxiliary power module with predictive control for electrified transportation. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 65(8), 6552-6559 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2682030
  11. Fernandez, P., et al.: A study of cell-to-cell interactions and degradation in parallel strings: implications for the battery management system. J. Power Sources 329, 574-585 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.121
  12. Wei, L., et al.: Study on passive balancing characteristics of serially connected lithium-ion battery string. 13th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments (ICEMI). (2017)
  13. Ziegler, A., et al.: Development and Application of an Active Balancing System for Lithium-Ion Cells. 2019 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference. (2019)
  14. Kelkar, A., Dasari, Y., Williamson, S.W: A Comprehensive Review of Power Electronics Enabled Active Battery Cell Balancing for Smart Energy Management. In: IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy. (2020)
  15. Kutkut, N.H., Divan, D.M.: Dynamic equalization techniques for series battery stacks. In: IEEE Telecommunications Energy Conference. (1996)
  16. Stuart, A.T., Zhu, W.: Fast equalization for large lithium ion batteries. IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. 24(7), 27-31 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1109/maes.2009.5208557
  17. K. Ismail, A. Nugroho, S. Kaleg, Passive balancing battery management system using MOSFET internal resistance as balancing resistor. In: International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application (ICSEEA). (2017).
  18. Kivrak, S., et al.: Battery management system implementation with the passive control method using MOSFET as a load. Meas. Control 53(1-2), 205-213 (2020)
  19. Omariba, Z.B., Zhang, L., Sun, D.: Review of battery cell balancing methodologies for optimizing battery pack performance in electric vehicles. IEEE Access 7, 129335-129352 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940090
  20. Mao, X., et al.: Design and analysis of multi-node CAN bus for diesel hybrid electric vehicle. In: Design and Analysis of Multi-Node CAN Bus for Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Electric Vehicles-Modelling and Simulations. (2011)
  21. Mustafa, T., Raif, B., Fecir, D.: CAN communication based modular type battery management system for electric vehicles. Elektron. Elektrotech. 24(3), 53-60 (2018)
  22. Nana, W.: Design and application of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) power information acquisition system based on CAN bus. In: Fifth International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Medicine. (2015)
  23. Yang, B., Zhu, T., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Shu, H., Li, S., Yu, T.: Design and implementation of Battery/SMES hybrid energy storage systems used in electric vehicles: a nonlinear robust fractional-order control approach. Energy 191(1), 1-17 (2020)
  24. Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Chen, Z., Xie, J., Zhang, X.: A novel active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Appl. Energy 145(1), 36-42 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.127
  25. Perisoara, L. A., Guran, I. C., & Costache, D.C.: A passive battery management system for fast balancing of four LiFePO4 cells. In: 2018 IEEE 24th International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME), pp. 390-393 (2018)
  26. Thiruvonasundari, D., Deepa, K.: Optimized passive cell balancing for fast charging in electric vehicle. IETE J. Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2021.1886604 (2021)
  27. Yang, B., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Shu, H., Li, S., Yu, T.: Applications of battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles using perturbation observer based robust control. J. Power Sources 448(1), 1-14 (2020)
  28. Habib, A.A., Hasan, M.K., Mahmud, M., Motakabber, S.M.A., Ibrahimya, M.I., Islam, S.: A review: energy storage system and balancing circuits for electric vehicle application. IET Power Electron. 14(1), 1-13 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12013
  29. Zhang, R., Wu, J., Wang, R., Yan, R., Zhu, Y., He, X.: A novel battery management system architecture based on an isolated power/data multiplexing transmission bus. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 66(8), 5979-5991 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2873143
  30. Aizpuru, I., et al.: Passive balancing design for Li-ion Battery Packs based on single cell experimental tests for a CCCV charging mode. In: International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). (2013)
  31. Luwei, L., et al.: A passive circuit of battery management without power supply designed for commercial space. Aerosp. China 20(3), 22-26 (2019)