대한두경부종양학회지 (Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology)

  • 제37권2호
  • /
  • Pages.1-9
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 1229-5183(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2586-2553(eISSN)
대한두경부종양학회 (The Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

갑상선암 표적치료의 최신지견

What's New in Molecular Targeted Therapies for Thyroid Cancer?

  • 민선영 (캘리포니아 대학교 샌프란시스코 캠퍼스 치과대학 구강악안면외과) ;
  • 강현석 (캘리포니아 대학교 샌프란시스코 캠퍼스 의과대학 혈액종양내과)
  • Min, Seonyoung (Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California) ;
  • Kang, Hyunseok (Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California)
  • 투고 : 2021.10.31
  • 심사 : 2021.11.09
  • 발행 : 2021.11.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Thyroid cancer refers to various cancers arising from thyroid gland. Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) include papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell carcinomas and represent cancers retain normal thyroid functions such as iodine uptake. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is generally used for upfront treatment of metastatic DTCs, but RAI refractory DTCs remain to be clinical challenges. Sorafenib and lenvatinib were approved for the treatment of RAI refractory DTCs and more recently, genomics-based targeted therapies have been developed for NTRK and RET gene fusion-positive DTCs. Poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs) are extremely challenging diseases with aggressive courses. BRAF/MEK inhibition has been proven to be highly effective in BRAF V600E mutation-positive ATCs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising activities. Medullary thyroid cancers, which arise from parafollicular cells of thyroid, represent a unique subset of thyroid cancer and mainly driven by RET mutation. In addition to vandetanib and cabozantinib, highly specific RET inhibitors such as selpercatinib and pralsetinib have demonstrated impressive activity and are in clinical use.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Davies L, Welch HG. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002. JAMA. 2006;295:2164-2167. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.18.2164
  2. Olson E, Wintheiser G, Wolfe KM, Droessler J, Silberstein PT. Epidemiology of thyroid cancer: A review of the national cancer database, 2000-2013. Cureus. 2019;11:e4127.
  3. Shah JP. Thyroid carcinoma: epidemiology, histology, and diagnosis. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2015;13:3-6.
  4. Cancer Genome Atlas Research N. Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell. 2014;159:676-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.050
  5. Chakravarty D, Santos E, Ryder M, Knauf J, Liao X, West B, et al. Small-molecule MAPK inhibitors restore radioiodine incorporation in mouse thyroid cancers with conditional BRAF activation. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011;121:4700-4711. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI46382
  6. Pozdeyev N, Gay LM, Sokol ES, Hartmaier R, Deaver KE, Davis S, et al. Genetic analysis of 779 advanced differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24:3059-3068. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0373
  7. Ganly I, Ricarte Filho J, Eng S, Ghossein R, Morris LG, Liang Y, et al. Genomic dissection of Hurthle cell carcinoma reveals a unique class of thyroid malignancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:E962-972. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3539
  8. Xing M. BRAF V600E mutation and papillary thyroid cancer. JAMA. 2013;310:535. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.8592
  9. Xing M, Alzahrani AS, Carson KA, Shong YK, Kim TY, Viola D, et al. Association between BRAF V600E mutation and recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:42-50.
  10. Yoo SK, Song YS, Lee EK, Hwang J, Kim HH, Jung G, et al. Integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic characteristics associated with progression of aggressive thyroid cancer. Nat Commun. 2019;10:2764. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10680-5
  11. Yip DT, Hassan M, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Ruan DT, Gawande AA, Gaz RD, et al. Preoperative basal calcitonin and tumor stage correlate with postoperative calcitonin normalization in patients undergoing initial surgical management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery. 2011;150:1168-1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.09.043
  12. Passos I, Stefanidou E, Meditskou-Eythymiadou S, Mironidou-Tzouveleki M, Manaki V, Magra V, et al. A Review of the significance in measuring preoperative and postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Medicina (Kaunas); 2021. p.57.
  13. Kurzrock R, Atkins J, Wheler J, Fu S, Naing A, Busaidy N, et al. Tumor marker and measurement fluctuations may not reflect treatment efficacy in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma on long-term RET inhibitor therapy. Ann Oncol. 2013;24:2256-2261. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt177
  14. Hadoux J, Pacini F, Tuttle RM, Schlumberger M. Management of advanced medullary thyroid cancer. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4:64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00337-X
  15. Elisei R, Cosci B, Romei C, Bottici V, Renzini G, Molinaro E, et al. Prognostic significance of somatic RET oncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: A 10-year follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:682-687. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1714
  16. Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Sausen M, Leary R, Bettegowda C, Roberts NJ, et al. Exomic sequencing of medullary thyroid cancer reveals dominant and mutually exclusive oncogenic mutations in RET and RAS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:E364-369. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2703
  17. Grubbs EG, Ng PK, Bui J, Busaidy NL, Chen K, Lee JE, et al. RET fusion as a novel driver of medullary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:788-793. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-4153
  18. Ji JH, Oh YL, Hong M, Yun JW, Lee HW, Kim D, et al. Identification of driving ALK fusion genes and genomic landscape of medullary thyroid cancer. PLoS Genet. 2015;11:e1005467. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005467
  19. Schlumberger M, Leboulleux S. Current practice in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17:176-188. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00448-z
  20. Tsimberidou AM, Vaklavas C, Wen S, Hong D, Wheler J, Ng C, et al. Phase I clinical trials in 56 patients with thyroid cancer: The M. D. Anderson cancer center experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:4423-4432. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0743
  21. Klein M, Vignaud JM, Hennequin V, Toussaint B, Bresler L, Plenat F, et al. Increased expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor is a pejorative prognosis marker in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:656-658. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.86.2.656
  22. Brose MS, Nutting CM, Jarzab B, Elisei R, Siena S, Bastholt L, et al. Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: A randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2014;384:319-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60421-9
  23. Schlumberger M, Tahara M, Wirth LJ, Robinson B, Brose MS, Elisei R, et al. Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:621-630. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1406470
  24. Cabanillas ME, de Souza JA, Geyer S, Wirth LJ, Menefee ME, Liu SV, et al. Cabozantinib as salvage therapy for patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: Results of a multicenter phase II international thyroid oncology group trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:3315-3321. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.73.0226
  25. Brose MS, Robinson B, Sherman SI, Krajewska J, Lin CC, Vaisman F, et al. Cabozantinib for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (COSMIC-311): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:1126-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00332-6
  26. Foote RL, Molina JR, Kasperbauer JL, Lloyd RV, McIver B, Morris JC, et al. Enhanced survival in locoregionally confined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a single-institution experience using aggressive multimodal therapy. Thyroid. 2011;21:25-30. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2010.0220
  27. Subbiah V, Kreitman RJ, Wainberg ZA, Cho JY, Schellens JHM, Soria JC, et al. Dabrafenib and trametinib treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BRAF V600-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:7-13.
  28. Iyer PC, Dadu R, Ferrarotto R, Busaidy NL, Habra MA, Zafereo M, et al. Real-world experience with targeted therapy for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2018;28:79-87. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2017.0285
  29. Wells SA, Jr., Robinson BG, Gagel RF, Dralle H, Fagin JA, Santoro M, et al. Vandetanib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: A randomized, double-blind phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:134-141.
  30. Elisei R, Schlumberger MJ, Muller SP, Schoffski P, Brose MS, Shah MH, et al. Cabozantinib in progressive medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:3639-3646. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.48.4659
  31. Wirth LJ, Sherman E, Robinson B, Solomon B, Kang H, Lorch J, et al. Efficacy of selpercatinib in RET-altered thyroid cancers. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:825-835. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2005651
  32. Subbiah V, Hu MI, Wirth LJ, Schuler M, Mansfield AS, Curigliano G, et al. Pralsetinib for patients with advanced or metastatic RET-altered thyroid cancer (ARROW): a multi-cohort, open-label, registrational, phase 1/2 study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9:491-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00120-0
  33. Cocco E, Scaltriti M, Drilon A. NTRK fusion-positive cancers and TRK inhibitor therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018;15:731-747. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-018-0113-0
  34. Drilon A, Laetsch TW, Kummar S, DuBois SG, Lassen UN, Demetri GD, et al. Efficacy of larotrectinib in TRK fusion-positive cancers in adults and children. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:731-739. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1714448
  35. Cabanillas ME, Drilon A, Farago AF, Brose MS, McDermott R, Sohal D, et al. 1916P Larotrectinib treatment of advanced TRK fusion thyroid cancer. Annals of Oncology. 2020;31:S1086.
  36. Doebele RC, Drilon A, Paz-Ares L, Siena S, Shaw AT, Farago AF, et al. Entrectinib in patients with advanced or metastatic NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:271-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30691-6
  37. Shah MH, Wei L, Wirth LJ, Daniels GA, Souza JAD, Timmers CD, et al. Results of randomized phase II trial of dabrafenib versus dabrafenib plus trametinib in BRAF-mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2017;35:6022-6022. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6022
  38. Locati LD, Piovesan A, Durante C, Bregni M, Castagna MG, Zovato S, et al. Real-world efficacy and safety of lenvatinib: Data from a compassionate use in the treatment of radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patients in Italy. Eur J Cancer. 2019;118:35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.05.031
  39. Ho A, Grewal R, Leboeuf R, Sherman E, Pfister D, Deandreis D, et al. Selumetinib-enhanced radioiodine uptake in advanced thyroid cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368:623-632. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1209288
  40. Rothenberg S, Daniels G, Wirth L. Redifferentiation of iodine-refractory BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic papillary thyroid cancer with Dabrafenib-response. Clinical Cancer Research. 2015;21:5640-5641. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2298
  41. Jaber T, Waguespack S, Cabanillas M, Elbanan M, Vu T, Dadu R, et al. Targeted therapy in advanced thyroid cancer to resensitize tumors to radioactive iodine. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2018;103:3698-3705. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00612
  42. Groussin L, Clerc J, Huillard O. Larotrectinib-enhanced radioactive iodine uptake in advanced thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1686-1687. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2023094
  43. Buffet C, Wassermann J, Hecht F, Leenhardt L, Dupuy C, Groussin L, et al. Redifferentiation of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2020;27:R113-R132. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-19-0491
  44. Capdevila J, Wirth LJ, Ernst T, Ponce Aix S, Lin CC, Ramlau R, et al. PD-1 blockade in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:2620-2627. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.02727
  45. Iyer PC, Dadu R, Gule-Monroe M, Busaidy NL, Ferrarotto R, Habra MA, et al. Salvage pembrolizumab added to kinase inhibitor therapy for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2018;6:68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-018-0378-y
  46. Cabanillas ME, Dadu R, Ferrarotto R, Liu S, Fellman BM, Gross ND, et al. Atezolizumab combinations with targeted therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2020;38:6514-6514. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6514
  47. Solomon BJ, Tan L, Lin JJ, Wong SQ, Hollizeck S, Ebata K, et al. RET solvent front mutations mediate acquired resistance to selective RET inhibition in RET-driven malignancies. J Thorac Oncol. 2020;15:541-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.006
  48. Ou SI, Cui J, Schrock AB, Goldberg ME, Zhu VW, Albacker L, et al. Emergence of novel and dominant acquired EGFR solvent-front mutations at Gly796 (G796S/R) together with C797S/R and L792F/H mutations in one EGFR (L858R/T790M) NSCLC patient who progressed on osimertinib. Lung Cancer. 2017;108:228-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.04.003