Journal of Music and Human Behavior (인간행동과 음악연구)

Korean Music Therapy Education Association (한국음악치료교육학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Empathy With Music From a Selfobject Perspective

음악공감경험 분석: 자기대상(selfobject) 개념을 중심으로

  • Choi, Jin Hee (Ewha Music Wellness Research Center) ;
  • Chong, Hyun Ju (Department of Music Therapy, Graduate School, Ewha Womans University)
  • 최진희 (이화뮤직웰니스연구센터) ;
  • 정현주 (이화여자대학교 대학원 음악치료학과)
  • Received : 2021.04.25
  • Accepted : 2021.07.23
  • Published : 2021.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Using Kohut's selfobject perspective as a foundation, this qualitative study explored the empathy with music and analyzed the empirical meanings in relation to 'Mirroring selfobject need', 'Idealized selfobject need', and 'Twinship selfobject need'. The participants included 13 music therapy graduate students who took part in individual interviews about their musical experiences. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via content analysis. As a result, seven categories with 16 meaningful concepts emerged under three dimensions: Gratification of selfobject need for mirroring, gratification of selfobject need for idealization, and gratification of selfobject need for twinship. Participants described experiencing unconditional understanding and acceptance from music, feeling stronger and safer in music, and being identified with and connected to music. These findings suggest that participants continuously gratify their selfobject needs by expanding the self and empathizing themselves through music. This study in significant in that it is the first qualitative study to analyze participants' musical experiences from Kohut's selfobject perspective.

본 연구는 음악과의 공감경험을 Kohut의 자기대상 개념을 중심으로 탐구한 질적 연구이다. 개인이 경험한 음악과의 공감을 탐색하고, 그 체험적 의미를 반영적 자기대상 욕구, 이상적 자기대상 욕구, 동반적 자기대상 욕구와 관련하여 살펴보았다. 음악공감에 대한 심층 자료를 수집하기 위해 의도적 표집을 통해 총 13명의 음악치료 석사과정 이상의 대학원생을 참여자로 선정하였다. 음악과의 공감경험에 대해 인터뷰를 진행한 후, 인터뷰 내용을 녹음, 전사하여 내용 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 3개 차원(반영적 자기대상 욕구 충족 차원, 이상적 자기대상 욕구 충족 차원, 동반적 자기대상 욕구 충족 차원)에서 총 16개 의미내용과 7개의 범주가 도출되었다. 참여자들은 첫째, 음악으로부터 무조건적인 이해와 수용, 음악을 통한 가치감 증진을 경험하고 있었고, 둘째, 음악 안에서 강해짐과 안전감을 경험하고 있었으며, 셋째, 음악과의 동질감 및 연결감을 경험하고 있었다. 이 같은 연구 결과는 참여자들이 음악경험을 통해 자기 자신을 확장시키고 스스로에게 공감적으로 반응함으로써 자기대상 욕구를 지속적으로 충족하고 있음을 시사한다. 음악공감경험을 자기대상 관점에서 질적으로 확인한 첫 번째 연구라는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Auchincloss, E. L., & Samberg, E. (2012). Psychoanalytic terms and concepts (4th ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press.
  2. Bruscia, K. E. (2014). Defining music therapy (3rd ed.). Gilsum, NH: Barcelona Publishers.
  3. Chessick, R. D. (1985). Psychology of the self and the treatment of narcissism. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
  4. Choi, E. H. (2001). Kohut's understanding of the self. Korean Journal of Christian Counseling, 2, 105-126.
  5. Chong, H. J. (2011). Influence of music on human behavior. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  6. Chong, H. J. (2019). Musical behavior and therapy. Seoul: Ewha Womans University Press.
  7. Clair, M. (2010). Object relations and self psychology (4th ed.) (S. M. Ahn, Trans.). Seoul: Cengage Learning. (Original work published 1986)
  8. Coplan, A., & Goldie, P. (2011). Empathy: Philosophical and psychological perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
  9. DeNora, T. (1999). Music as a technology of the self. Poetics, 27(1), 31-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-422X(99)00017-0
  10. Downey, T. W. (1978). Transitional phenomena in the analysis of early adolescent males. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 33(1), 19-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1978.11822971
  11. Hume, D. (2019). A treatise of human nature. Prague: E-Artnow.
  12. James, D. K., Spencer, C. J., & Stepsis, B. W. (2002). Fetal learning: A prospective randomized controlled study. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 20(5), 431-438. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00845.x
  13. Kang, S. K., Yang, D. H., & Moon, J. Y. (2016). A qualitative content analysis on relapse experience of drug addicts. Corrections Review, 26(1), 89-114. https://doi.org/10.14819/krscs.2016.26.1.4.89
  14. Kernberg, O. F. (1995). Object-relations theory and clinical psychoanalysis. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
  15. Kim, K. S., & Chong, H. J. (2020). The grounded theory on self-empathy phenomenon in music and imagery experience. The Korean Journal of Arts Therapy, 20(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.18253/kart.2020.20.1.02
  16. Kohut, H. (1957). Observations on the psychological functions of music. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 5(3), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/000306515700500301
  17. Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  18. Kohut, H. (2009). The restoration of the self. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  19. Kohut, H. (2013). The analysis of the self: A systematic approach to the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  20. Kohut, H. (2018). The search for the self: Selected writings of Heinz Kohut 1978-1981. London: Routledge.
  21. Kokal, I., Engel, A., Kirschner, S., & Keysers, C. (2011). Synchronized drumming enhances activity in the caudate and facilitates prosocial commitment-if the rhythm comes easily. PloS One, 6(11), e27272. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027272
  22. Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage.
  23. Laird, L. (2015). Empathy in the classroom: Can music bring us more in tune with one another? Music Educators Journal, 101(4), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0027432115572230
  24. Lee, D. H., Lee, C. H., Shin, J. Y., Khang, M. S., Jeon, J. Y., Lee, H. J., & Kim, M. J. (2017). A qualitative study on the internal experiences of adolescent victims' parents of the Sewol ferry disaster: Focused on psychological-emotional, physical, cognitive, behavioral dimensions. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 29(2), 255-291. https://doi.org/10.23844/kjcp.2017.05.29.2.255
  25. Lee, D. H., Shin, J. Y., & Kim, Y. J. (2016). A qualitative study on traumatic experiences of adolescents losing friends from the Sewol ferry disaster based on counselors' reports. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 35(1), 89-120. https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2016.03.35.1.89
  26. McDonald, M. (1970). Transitional tunes and musical development. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 25(1), 503-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1970.11823293
  27. Overy, K., & Molnar-Szakacs, I. (2009). Being together in time: Musical experience and the mirror neuron system. Music Perception, 26(5), 489-504. https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2009.26.5.489
  28. Park, S. H. (2020). Empathy: Yesterday and today. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  29. Rabinowitch, T. C., Cross, I., & Burnard, P. (2012). Long-term musical group interaction has a positive influence on empathy in children. Psychology of Music, 41(4), 484-498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735612440609
  30. Rhee, K. C. (1997). The phenomena of empathy and its process. Theology and the World, 35, 171-203.
  31. Sand, S., & Levin, R. (1992). Music and its relationship to dreams and the self. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, 15(2), 161-197.
  32. Schore, A. N. (2003). Affect regulation and the repair of the self (Norton series on interpersonal neurobiology) (Vol. 2). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  33. Seo, H. S., & Lee, J. E. (2017). A qualitative content analysis on a second conviction experience of the offenders monitored by GPS system: Targeted on the sex offenders probationers in "A" city. Korean Journal of Probation, 16(2), 75-115.
  34. Seo, S. M. (2005). A study on the behavior of adolescence's music listening. Journal of Music and Human Behavior, 2(2), 1-14.
  35. Volgsten, U. (2012). The roots of music: Emotional expression, dialogue and affect attunement in the psychogenesis of music. Musicae Scientiae, 16(2), 200-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864912440778
  36. Winnicott, D. W. (1953). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena: A study of the first not-me possession. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 34, 89-97.