The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Experimental Transplantation for the Restoration of Seagrass, Zostera marina L. Bed Around Sinyangseopji Beach in Bangdu Bay, Jeju Island

제주 신양섭지해수욕장 주변 방두만 거머리말 군락 복원을 위한 실험적 이식

  • 이형우 (제주대학교 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 강정찬 (제주대학교 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 박정임 (해양생태기술연구소 기업부설연구소) ;
  • 김명숙 (제주대학교 생물학과)
  • Received : 2021.07.01
  • Accepted : 2021.09.08
  • Published : 2021.11.30
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Abstract

Eelgrass, Zostera marina L., was widely distributed around Sinyangseopji Beach in Bangdu Bay, on the eastern coast of Jeju Island, until breakwater construction in the late 1990s resulted in its complete loss. Six experimental sites were identified for restoration of the Z. marina bed in Bangdu Bay. Using the staple method, 500 Z. marina shoots were transplanted at each site in January 2019 and 2020. The transplants, along with environmental parameters, were monitored for 10 months following transplantation. There were significant differences in underwater irradiance, water temperature, and salinity among the sites, but all were suitable for Z. marina growth. The Ulva species, an opportunistic alga, appeared in spring and accumulated during summer at all sites; however, there was no significant effect of Ulva species on the survival and growth of the eelgrass transplants. Most of the transplanted Z. marina survived, and after 3 months, the density increased by 112.5-300% due to vegetative propagation, with a rapid rate of increase observed during spring and early summer at all sites. For 1-2 months after transplanting, the Z. marina shoots showed signs of transplant shock, after which the shoot density increased at all sites, confirming that all transplants adapted well to the new environment. However, in both 2019 and 2020, during late summer to early fall, the sites experienced heavy damage from typoons (twice in 2019 and three times in 2020) that hit Bangdu Bay. The transplants at two sites located in the center of Bangdu Bay were completely destroyed, but those at three sites located to the west of the bay showed a 192-312% increase in density. Thus, we confirmed that the Bangdu Bay Z. marina bed can be restored, with the highest probability of success for Z. marina restoration on the western side of Bangdu Bay, which is protected from typhoons.

제주도 동쪽에 위치한 신양섭지해수욕장 주변 방두만에는 과거 거머리말이 넓게 서식하였으나, 1990년대 방파제 공사 이후 모두 소실되었다. 본 연구는 방두만의 거머리말 서식지 복원을 위한 이식 적지 선정을 위해 2019년 1월과 2020년 1월에 방두만의 6개소에 거머리말을 이식한 후 생육 환경과 이식된 거머리말을 10개월간 월별 조사하였다. 거머리말 이식은 철사고정법을 이용하여 각 장소 당 500개체를 이식하였다. 이식된 거머리말은 모든 장소에서 대부분 생존하여 영양 번식으로 인한 밀도증가가 나타났다. 각 장소의 환경 즉, 수중광량, 수온과 염분농도는 유의한 차이가 나타났지만 모두 거머리말 생육에 적합하였다. 모든 장소에서 봄부터 파래가 출현하여 여름 동안 누적되었으나, 거머리말의 생존과 생장에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이식된 거머리말은 이식 3개월 후 112.5~300%의 밀도증가율이 나타났으며, 모든 장소에서 봄과 초여름 동안 높은 밀도 증가율을 보였다. 거머리말의 형태는 이식 충격으로 인하여 모든 장소에서 1~2 개월간 감소하였다가 이후 다시 증가하여 새로운 환경에 잘 적응한 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 이식 후 8~9개월이 경과하는 늦여름부터 초가을 동안 2019년 2회, 2020년 3회의 강력한 태풍이 조사 지역을 관통하였다. 이로 인해 이식 10개월 후 방두만의 중심부에 위치한 2개소의 거머리말은 모두 소실되었으나, 방두만의 서쪽에 위치한 3개소 거머리말의 밀도증가율은 192~312%로 높게 유지되었다. 이로써 방두만의 잘피서식지 조성이 가능함을 알 수 있었고, 이식 거머리말의 밀도 증가율이 높고 태풍에도 안전한 방두만의 서쪽 연안이 생육 적지임을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구가 진행되는 동안 거머리말 이식 및 모니터링을 비롯하여 수중 촬영 등 현장 데이터 수집을 도와준 전문 다이버 현병철, 나경아, 김규선님께 감사드립니다. 본 연구는 해양수산부 재원으로 해양수산과학기술진흥원이 지원하는 제주씨그랜트사업(20170339)에 의해 수행되었습니다.

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