The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology (문화기술의 융합)

The International Promotion Agency of Culture Technology (국제문화기술진흥원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Protection of Creators' Rights Using Social Media for Non-fungible Token Marketplaces

대체 불가능 토큰 마켓플레이스를 위한 소셜미디어를 활용한 창작자 권리 보호 방법에 대한 연구

  • 이은미 (삼육대학교 아트앤디자인학과)
  • Received : 2021.08.31
  • Accepted : 2021.09.20
  • Published : 2021.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Unauthorized generations and sales of non-funable tokens (NFTs) without the consent of the creator is one of the biggest problems that arise in NFT Marketplaces. This study proposes a method to practically reduce the problem of NFT sales without the consent of the creator by means of authentication with social media accounts. Through the proposed method, creators who are already using social media as a means of communication and marketing for creative activities can authenticate with their own accounts. Creators who have difficulty authenticating with their own accounts will be provided with alternatives to authenticate using human networks. In addition, the proposed method of protecting creator rights was designed using a flowchart to enable development using only the public API (Application Programming Interface) provided by social media. The proposed method can protect creators' rights and reduce damage caused by NFT fraud by inducing buyers to trade NFTs of authorized sellers through social media.

창작자의 동의 없이 무단으로 대체 불가능 토큰(non-fungible token, NFT)을 생성하여 판매하는 행위는 NFT Marketplace에서 발생하고 있는 가장 큰 문제 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 소셜 미디어 계정을 활용한 인증 방법으로 창작자의 동의 없는 NFT 판매 문제를 실용적으로 줄일 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법을 통해 창작 활동에 대한 소통과 마케팅 수단으로 소셜 미디어를 이미 활용하고 있는 창작자는 본인 계정으로 인증을 할 수 있다. 본인 계정으로 인증이 힘든 창작자에게는 인적 네트워크를 활용하여 인증할 수 있는 대안을 제공한다. 또한, 제안된 창작자 권리 보호 방법은 소셜 미디어에서 제공하는 공개 API(Application Programming Interface)만을 활용하여 개발 가능하도록 알고리즘을 플로우 챠트를 활용하여 설계하였다. 제안된 방법을 통해 구매자들이 소셜 미디어를 통해 인증된 판매자의 NFT를 거래하도록 유도함으로써 창작자의 권리를 보호하고, NFT 사기로 인한 피해를 줄일 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 성과는 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임. (No. 2019R1G1A1003090)

References

  1. U. W. Chohan, "Non-Fungible Tokens: Blockchains, Scarcity, and Value," Critical Blockchain Research Initiative (CBRI) Working Papers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3822743
  2. R. Raman & B. E. Raj, "The World of NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens): The Future of Blockchain and Asset Ownership," In Enabling Blockchain Technology for Secure Networking and Communications, pp.89-108, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5839-3.ch005
  3. S. Moon, "The Role and Opportunity of Blockchain in the Fourth Industrial Revolution," The journal of Convergence on Culture Technology, vol.5, no. 3, pp.55-60, 2019. https://doi.org/10.17703/JCCT.2019.5.3.55
  4. J. Kastrenakes, "Beeple sold an NFT for $69 million through a first-of-its-kind auction at Christie's," 2021, https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/11/22325054/beeple-christies-nft-sale-cost-everydays-69-million
  5. A. Fai, "Smart Collectibles: Unlocking The Value of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)," EthinkWeb Co., 2021, https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.14762769.v1
  6. L. M. Blum & B. P. Foster, "The Taxation of Nonfungible Token Transactions," The CPA Journal, vol.91, no. 6/7, pp.10-13, 2021.
  7. Q. Wang, R. Li, Q. Wang, & S. Chen, "Non-fungible token (NFT): Overview, evaluation, opportunities and challenges," arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.07447., 2021. https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.07447
  8. R. Iyengar & J. Sarlin, "BNFTs are suddenly everywhere, but they have some big problems," CNN Business, 2021, https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/30/tech/nft-hacking-theft-environment-concerns/index.html
  9. J. Purtill "Artists report discovering their work is being stolen and sold as NFTs," ABC Science, 2021, https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2021-03-16/nfts-artists-report-their-work-isbeing-stolen-and-sold/13249408
  10. J. Kwan "An artist died. Then thieves made NFTs of her work," WIRED, 2021, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/nft-fraud-qinni-art
  11. Q. Feng, D. He, S. Zeadally, M. K. Khan, & N. Kumar,"A survey on privacy protection in blockchain system," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol.126, 2019, pp.45-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.10.020
  12. E. Lee, "A Proposal of Interoperability between Social Media and Blockchain-based Smart Contract System for Artwork Trading," Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, vol.11, no. 2, pp.109-116, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2020.11.2.109
  13. E. Lee, "Design and Implementation of a Prototype for Blockchain-based Artworks Trade System Interoperating with Social Media," Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, vol.7, no. 1, pp.105-110, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17703/JCCT.2021.7.1.105
  14. W. Geyser, "Top NFT Marketplaces for Creators to Sell Non-Fungible Tokens," Influencer Marketing Hub, 2021, https://influencermarketinghub.com/nft-marketplaces/
  15. T. May, "8 top social media platforms for artists and designers," Creative Bloq, 2020. https://www.creativebloq.com/features/social-media-for-artists
  16. P. Korus, "Digital image integrity-a survey of protection and verification techniques," Digital Signal Processing, vol.71, pp.1-26, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2017.08.009
  17. A. Visone, "The impact of online and social media platforms in the art market: A case study on Instagram," 2016. PhD Thesis. Sotheby's Institute of Art-New York.
  18. Facebook, Messenger Platform, 2021. https://developers.facebook.com/docs/messenger-platform
  19. N. De, "People Keep Tokenizing Other Users' Art. Here's How Artists Can Protect Their Work-Copyright law can protect artists if their work is tokenized without their permission," CoinDesk, 2021. https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/03/11/people-keep-tokenizing-other-users-art-heres-how-artists-can-protect-their-work/
  20. K. Lai, "Blockchain as AML tool: a work in progress." International Financial Law Review, 2018.