Current Optics and Photonics

Optical Society of Korea (한국광학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental Study of Large-amplitude Wavefront Correction in Free-space Coherent Optical Communication

  • Guo, Qian (School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University) ;
  • Cheng, Shuang (Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology) ;
  • Ke, Xizheng (Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology)
  • Received : 2021.07.15
  • Accepted : 2021.10.12
  • Published : 2021.12.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In a free-space coherent optical communication system, wavefront distortion is frequently beyond the correction range of the adaptive-optics system after the laser has propagated through the atmospheric turbulence. A method of residual wavefront correction is proposed, to improve the quality of coherent optical communication in free space. The relationship between the wavefront phase expanded by Zernike polynomials and the mixing efficiency is derived analytically. The influence of Zernike-polynomial distortion on the bit-error rate (BER) of a phase-modulation system is analyzed. From the theoretical analysis, the BER of the system changes periodically, due to the periodic extension of wavefront distortion. Experimental results show that the BER after correction is reduced from 10-1 to 10-4; however, when the closed-loop control algorithm with residual correction is used, the experimental results show that the BER is reduced from 10-1 to 10-7.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper. This work was supported by the Key industry innovation chain project of Shaanxi Province (grant number: 2017ZDCXL-GY-06-01), and the Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment (grant number: 2019220614SYS021CG043). This work was also supported by the Scientific research project of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education (grant number: 18JK0341), and by the Xi'an Science and technology innovation guidance project (grant number: 201805030YD8CG14 (12)).

References

  1. A. Belmonte, "Influence of atmospheric phase compensation on optical heterodyne power measurement," Opt. Express 16, 6756-6767 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.006756
  2. H. Wang, M. Zhang, Y. Zuo, and X. Zheng, "Research on elastic modes of circular deformable mirror for adaptive optics and active optics corrections," Opt. Express 27, 404-415 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.000404
  3. Z. Xu, P. Yang, K. Hu, B. Xu, and H. Li, "Deep learning control model for adaptive optics systems," Appl. Opt. 58, 1998-2009 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.001998
  4. C. Sun, L. Huang, D. Wang, X. Deng, D. Hu, L. Sun, and Y. Zheng, "Theoretical research on the novel adaptive optics configuration based on the tubular deformable mirror for the aberration correction of the annular laser beam," Opt. Express 27, 9215-9231 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.009215
  5. C. Wu, J. Ko, and C. C. Davis, "Lossy wavefront sensing and correction of distorted laser beams," Appl. Opt. 59, 817-824 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.59.000817
  6. H. Lin, P. Yang, B. Xu, K. Yang, and L. Wen, "Construction of a dynamic adaptive optics system based on the subspace identification," Opt. Eng. 58, 013101 (2019).
  7. X. Ke and M. Li, "Laser beam distorted wavefront correction based on deformable mirror eigenmodes," Opt. Eng. 58, 126101 (2019).
  8. F. Fu and B. Zhang, "High-frequency phase recovery of distorted wavefront and analysis on phase correction effect," Opt. Commun. 284, 4563-4569 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2011.03.023
  9. D. Ren, G. Wang, and X. Zhang, "Approach for deformable mirror wavefront error correction," Opt. Eng. 58, 014102 (2019).
  10. X. Ke, S. Yang, J. Wu, and X. Zhong, "Research progress of adaptive optics in wireless optical communication system for Xi'an University of Technology," High Power Laser Part. Beams 33, 081003 (2021).
  11. J. W. Hardy, J. E. Lefebvre, and C. L. Koliopoulos, "Realtime atmospheric compensation," Opt. Express 67, 360-369 (1977).
  12. R. K. Tyson, D. E. Canning, and J. S. Tharp,"Measurement of the bit-error rate of an adaptive optics, free-space laser communications system, part 1: tip-tilt configuration, diagnostics, and closed-loop results," Opt. Eng. 44, 096002 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2043047
  13. T. Weyrauch and M. A. Vorontsov, "Atmospheric compensation with a speckle beacon in strong scintillation conditions: directed energy and laser communication applications," Appl. Opt. 44, 6388-6401 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.006388
  14. J. C. Juarez, D. W. Young, J. E. Sluz, J. L. Riggins II, and D. H. Hughes, "Free-space optical channel propagation tests over a 147-km link," Proc. SPIE 8038, 80380B (2011). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886890
  15. D. M. Boroson, A. Biswas, and B. L. Edwards. "MLCD: overview of NASA's Mars laser communications demonstration system," Proc. SPIE 5338, 16-28(2004). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.543014
  16. E. Sidick, J. J. Green, R. M. Morgan, C. M. Ohara, and D. C. Redding, "Adaptive cross-correlation algorithm for extended scene Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing," Opt. Lett. 33, 213-215 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.33.000213
  17. G.-Y. Yoon, S. Pantanelli, and L. J. Nagy, "Large-dynamic-range Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for highly aberrated eyes," Opt. Biomed. Opt. 11, 030502 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2197860
  18. G. O. de Xivry, S. Rabien, L. Barl, S. Esposito, W. Gaessler, M. Hart, M. Deysenroth, H. Gemperlein, L. Struder, and J. Ziegleder, "Wide-field AO correction: the large wavefront sensor detector of ARGOS," Proc. SPIE 7736, 77365C (2010). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857230
  19. Y. Saita, H, Shinto, and T. Nomura, "Holographic Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor based on the correlation peak displacement detection method for wavefront sensing with large dynamic range," Optica 2, 411-415 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.2.000411
  20. N. Lindlein, J. P. fund, and J. Schwider, "Expansion of the dynamic range of a Shack-Hartmann sensor by using astigmatic microlenses," Opt. Eng. 39, 2220-2225 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1304846
  21. G.-Y. Yoon, T. Jitsuno, M. Nakatsuka, and Y. Kato, "Development of a large aperture deformable mirror for the wavefront control," Proc. SPIE 3047, 777-782 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.294256
  22. S. A. Cornelissen, P. A. Bierden, T. G. Bifano, R. H. Webb, S. Burns, and S. Pappas, "Correction of large amplitude wavefront aberrations," Proc. SPIE 6018, 601811 (2006).
  23. D. V. Wick, D. M. Payne, T. Martinez, S. R. Restaino, "Large dynamic range wavefront control of micromachined deformable membrane mirrors," Proc. SPIE 5798, 158-161 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603526
  24. S. Fu, T. Wang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhai, C. Gao, "Pre-correction of distorted Bessel-Gauss beams without wavefront detection," Appl. Phys. B 123, 275-282 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-017-6853-1
  25. J. B. Stewart, A. Diouf, Y. Zhou, and T. G. Bifano, "Open-loop control of a MEMS deformable mirror for large-amplitude wavefront control," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 3827-3833 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.24.003827
  26. C. Li, N. Sredar, K. M. Ivers, H. Queener, and J. Porter, "A correction algorithm to simultaneously control dual deformable mirrors in a woofer-tweeter adaptive optics system," Opt. Express 18, 16671-16684 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.016671
  27. D. C. Chen, S. M. Jones, D. A. Silva, and S. S. Olivier, "High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with dual deformable mirrors," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 1305-1312 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.24.001305
  28. R. J. Zawadzki, S. S. Choi, S. M. Jones, S. S. Oliver, and J. S. Werner, "Adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography: optimizing visualization of microscopic retinal structures in three dimensions," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 1373-1383 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.24.001373
  29. K. Morzinski, B. Macintosh, D. Gavel, and D. Dillon, "Stroke saturation on a MEMS deformable mirror for woofer-tweeter adaptive optics," Opt. Express 17, 5829-5844 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.005829
  30. R. J. Noll, "Zernike polynomials and atmospheric turbulence," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 66, 207-211 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.66.000207
  31. N. A. Roddier, "Atmospheric wavefront simulation using Zernike polynomials," Opt. Eng. 29, 1174-1180 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.55712