Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Dynamic responses on traditional Chinese timber multi-story building with high platform base under earthquake excitations

  • Zhang, Xicheng (School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology) ;
  • Ma, Hui (School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology) ;
  • Zhao, Yanli (Research and Design Institute of water conservancy and hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology) ;
  • Zhao, Hongtie (School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology)
  • Received : 2020.08.28
  • Accepted : 2020.10.27
  • Published : 2020.11.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The multi-story timber structure with high platform base is one of the important architectural types in the traditional Chinese buildings. To study the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses on this kind of traditional structure, the 3-D finite element models of Xi'an drum tower which included the high platform base, upper timber structure and whole structure was established considering the structural form and material performance parameters of the structure in this study. By the modal analysis, the main frequencies and mode shapes of this kind of traditional building were obtained and investigated. The three kinds of earthquake excitations included El-Centro wave, Taft wave and Lanzhou wave were separately imposed on the upper timber structure model and the overall structure model, and the seismic responses on the tops of columns were analyzed. The results of time history analysis show that the seismic response of the upper timber structure is obviously amplified by high platform base. After considering the effect of high platform base, the mean value on the lateral displacement increments of the top column in the overall structure is more than 20.478% and the increase of dynamic coefficients was all above 0.818 under the above three different earthquake excitations. Obviously, it shows that the existence of high platform base has a negative influence on the seismic responses of upper timber structure. And the high platform base will directly affect the safety of the upper timber structure. Therefore, the influence of high platform base on the dynamic response of its upper timber structure cannot be neglected.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China P.R. (Nos. 51408485, 51508454), the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (Nos. 2019JM-193, 2019JM-078), the Plan Projects of the Department of Housing and Urban-rural Development of Shaanxi Province (No. 2015-K129), which are gratefully acknowledged.

References

  1. Bayraktar, A., Keypour, H. and Naderzadeh, A. (2012), "Application of ancient earthquake resistant method in modern construction technology", XVth WCEE proceedings, Lisboa.
  2. Che, A.L., Y. He, X.R. Ge, T. Iwatate and Y. Oda. (2006), "Study on the dynamic Structural characteristics of a traditional timber-Yingxian Wooden Pagoda", Soil Rock Behavior Modeling, 194 (11), 390-398.
  3. Chen, C.C., Qiu H.X. and Yong L. (2016), "Flexural behaviour of timber dovetail mortise-tenon joints", Construct. Build. Mater., 112, 366-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.074.
  4. Chen, Z.Y., Lu, W.Z., Zhu, E.C. and PAN, J.L. (2012)., "Structural performance of dougong brackets of Yingxian wood pagoda under vertical load-refined finite element modelling", Sci. Technol. Eng., 12(4), 95-100.
  5. Chen, Z.Y., Zhu, E., Lam, F. and Pan, J. (2014), "Structural performance of Dou-Gong brackets of Yingxian Wood Pagoda under vertical load-An experimental study", Eng. Struct., 80, 274-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.09.013.
  6. Choie, M., Lee, C.H. and Jo, Y.H. (2015), "Interpretation of provenance and transportation process for Bakseok of Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace, Korea", J. Petrological Soc. Korea, 24(3), 181-191. https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2015.24.3.181.
  7. Cram, R.A. (2011), "Impressions of Japanese architecture", Tuttle Publishing.
  8. Feng, R.Q., Zhang, L.L., Wu, Y. and Shen, S.Z. (2009), "Dynamic performance of cable net facades", J. Construct. Steel Res., 65(12), 2217-2227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.06.020.
  9. Fujita, K., Kawai, N., Minowa, C., Koshihara, M. and Chiba, K. (2006), "Shaking table test and earthquake response monitoring of traditional Japanese timber pagoda", Paper presented at 9th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Portland, U.S.A.
  10. Gao, D.F., Zhao, H.T., Xue, J.Y. and Zhang, P.C. (2002), "Experimental study of Chinese ancient timber frame under horizontal repeated loading", Journal of Xi'an University of Architectural Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 34(4), 317-319 (In Chinese).
  11. GB/T50165-2020 (2020), "Technical standard for maintenance and reinforcement of ancient timber buildings", Beijing: China Construction Industry Press.
  12. Hori, M. and Ichimura, T. (2008), "Current state of integrated earthquake simulation for earthquake hazard and disaster", J. Seismology, 12(2), 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-007-9083-x.
  13. Horikawa, K. (1982), "The ancient nails of Horyuji Temple and restoration of the Tatara ironmaking process", Metals Museum, Bulletin (Japan), 7, 29-38.
  14. Jiao, L.C., Liu, X., Jiang, X. and Yin, Y. (2015), "Extraction and amplification of DNA from aged and archaeological Populu euphratica wood for species identification", Holzforschung, 69(8), 925-931. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0224
  15. Kostinakis, K. and Morfidis, K. (2017), "The impact of successive earthquakes on the seismic damage of multistorey 3D R/C buildings", Earthq. Struct., 12(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.1.001.
  16. Li, A.I.K. (2003), "The Yingzao fashi in the information age. Beaux-Arts, Paul-Philippe Cret, and 20th-century architecture in China", University of Pennsylvania.
  17. Li, S.Q. (2003), "Reconstituting Chinese building tradition: The Yingzao fashi in the early twentieth century", J. Soc. Architect. Historians, 62(4), 470-489. https://doi.org/10.2307/3592498.
  18. Li, X.W., J.H. Zhao, G.W. Ma, and W. Chen (2015), "Experimental Study on the seismic performance of a doubledpan traditional timber frame", Eng. Struct., 98, 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.04.031.
  19. Liang, S.C. (2013), "Annotation of Yingzao fashi", Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company.
  20. Liang, S.C. and Fairbank, W. (1984), "A pictorial history of Chinese architecture: a study of the development of its structural system and the evolution of its types", Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  21. Nex, C.M.M. (1989), "The block Lanczos algorithm and the calculation of matrix resolvents", Comput. Phys. Communications, 53(1-3), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(89)90155-0
  22. Paine, R.T. and Soper, A.C. (1981), "The art and architecture of Japan", Yale University Press.
  23. Pan, G.X. (2009), "History of Chinese architecture", Beijing: China Building Industry Press.
  24. Popescu, C.M., Tibirna, C.M. and Vasile, C. (2009), "XPS characterization of naturally aged wood", Appl. Surface Science, 256(5), 1355-1360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.08.087.
  25. Salingaros, N.A. (1997), "Life and complexity in architecture from a thermodynamic analogy", Physics Essays, 10, 165-173. https://doi.org/10.4006/1.3028694
  26. Song, L.L. and Guo, T. (2017), "Probabilistic seismic performance assessment of self-centering prestressed concrete frames with web friction devices", Earthq. Struct., 12(1), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.1.109.
  27. Song, X.B., Wu, Y.J., Gu, X.L. and Luo, L. (2016), "Mechanical behavior of traditional Chinese wood-to-wood connections: a brief review", In Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Vienna, Austria.
  28. State Administration of Cultural Heritage in China (2005), "List of Chinese cultural relics protection units", State Administration of Cultural Heritage in China.
  29. Sui, Y., Zhao, H.T., Xue, J.Y., Xie, Q.F. and Liu, Y. (2010), "Experimental study on lateral stiffness of Dougong layer in Chinese historic buildings", Eng. Mech., 27(3), 74-78.
  30. Suzuki, Y., Katagihara, K., Iwasa, Y., Takata, K., Yamamoto, M., Goto, M. and Kitahara, A. (2001). "Dynamic characteristics and seismic performance of traditional wooden structure by shaking table tests", In US-Japan Workshop on Smart Structures for Improved Seismic Performance in Urban Regions, Seattle, WA, August.
  31. Tankut, A.N. and Tankut, N. (2005), "The effects of joint forms (shape) and dimensions on the strengths of mortise and tenon joints", Turkish J. Agriculture Forestry, 29(6), 493-498.
  32. Thorp, R.L. (1986), "Architectural principles in early imperial China: Structural problems and their solution", Art Bulletin, 68(3), 360-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043079.1986.10788358
  33. Udwadia, F.E. and Trifunac, M.D. (1973), "Comparison of earthquake and microtremor ground motions in El Centro, California", Bull. Seismol. Soc. America, 63(4), 1227-1253.
  34. Wolkenhauer, A., Avramidis, G., Hauswald, E., Militz, H. and Viol, W. (2009), "Sanding vs. plasma treatment of aged wood: A comparison with respect to surface energy", Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives, 29(1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2007.11.001.
  35. Woo, D.S. and Kee, S.H. (2014), "A study on reconstruction of Naejeon Area at Changdeokgung Palace in 1920", J. Architect. History, 23(3), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.7738/JAH.2014.23.3.043.
  36. Xie, Q., Zhang, L., Li, S., Zhou, W. and Wang, L. (2017), "Cyclic behavior of Chinese traditional wooden frame with mortisetenon joints: friction constitutive model and finite element modelling", J. Wood Sci., 64(1), 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-017-1669-5.
  37. Xie, Q.F. (2007), "Experimental study and theoretical analysis on the reinforcement of ancient wooden buildings in China", Xi'an: Xi;an University of Architectural Science and Technology (In Chinese).
  38. Xu, M.G. and Qiu, H.X. (2011), "Experimental study on properties of aged wood of ancient architecture", Earthq. Resistant Eng. Retrofitting, 33(4), 53-55. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-8412.2011.04.009
  39. Xu, Z., Yang, J., Peng, C., Wu, Y., Jiang, X., Li, R. and Tian, B. (2014), "Development of an UAS for post-earthquake disaster surveying and its application in Ms7.0 Lushan Earthquake, Sichuan, China", Comput. Geosci., 68, 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.04.001.
  40. Xue, J.Y., Zhao, H.T., Zhang, P.C. and Gao, D.F. (2002), "Study on the seismic behaviors of China ancient wooden building by shaking table test", Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Structural Engineering for Young Experts, Tianjin, China.
  41. Yao, K. and Zhao, H.T. (2006), "Study on friction-slip isolation mechanism between ancient wooden building columns and their foundations", Eng. Mech., 23(8), 127-132 (In Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-4750.2006.08.024
  42. Yeo, S.Y., Hsu, M.F., Komatsu, K., Chung, Y.L. and Chang, W.S. (2016), "Shaking table test of the Taiwan traditional Dieh-Dou timber frame", Int. J. Architct. Heritage, 10(5), 539-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2015.1009574.
  43. Yu, M.H., Wang, Y., Yu, T. and Daniel, G. (2009), "Ancient city wall and bell and drum tower in Xi'an: History, Art and Science", Xi'an: Xi'an Jiaotong University Press (In Chinese).
  44. Yu, M.Y, Oda, Y., Fang, D. and Zhao, J. (2008), "Advances in structural mechanics of Chinese ancient architectures", Front. Architect. Civil Eng. China, 2(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-008-0002-1.
  45. Zhang, P.C., Zhao, H.T., Xue, J.Y. and Gao, D.F. (2002), "Shaking table test of ancient Chinese timber structures", World Seismic Eng., 18(4), 35-41.
  46. Zhang, X.C., Wu, C.W., Xue, J.Y. and Ma, H. (2019), "Fast nonlinear analysis of traditional Chinese timber-frame building with Dou-Gon", Int. J. Architect. Heritage, 5, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1604847.
  47. Zhang, X.C., Xue, J.Y., Zhao, H.T. and Sui, Y. (2011), "Experimental study on Chinese traditional timber-frame building by shaking table test", Struct. Eng. Mech., 40(4), 453-469. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.40.4.453.