KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Effect of Transplanting Date on the Growth, Yield, and Occurrence of Viviparity in Floury Endosperm Rice Cultivars in the Chungbuk Province

충북지역 쌀가루용 벼 품종의 이앙시기가 생육, 수량 및 수발아 발생에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2020.08.19
  • Accepted : 2020.09.23
  • Published : 2020.12.01
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Abstract

Rice consumption in Korea has been decreasing as the eating habits of the Korean people have diversified with rapid economic growth. Recently, floury endosperm rice cultivars were developed to boost rice consumption and replace wheat flour consumption with rice flour, which is vulnerable to viviparity under wet weather during the grain-filling stage because of its loosely packed starch granule structures. To overcome this limitation, it is necessary to find a suitable rice transplanting date to produce high-quality rice flour by altering the heading ecology type and changing the cultivation time by region. We examined four floury endosperm rice cultivars (FERC) in the Cheongju (central plain area) and Boeun (mid-mountainous area) regions of Korea from 2017 to 2019. Of the FERCs, the mid-late maturing types (MMT) Seolgaeng (SG), Hangaru (HGR), and Shingil (SGL) exhibited high yield and yield components after transplanting May 30 in both regions; the early maturing type (EMT) Garumi 2 (GRM2) also exhibited high yield after transplanting June 20 in Cheongju. In addition, MMTs showed the same tendency as the characteristics shown in Cheongju when grown in the Boeun region, and EMT displayed high yield and yield components after transplanting June 10. The FERCs could easily present pre-harvest sprouting in the rainy season during the grain-filling stage after 20 days post-heading because the mean temperature and frequency of more three-day rainfalls have increased over the last 5 years from the previous annual averages. Viviparity of HGR and GRM2 decreased as the transplanting date was delayed, with decreases of 2.3%-4.6% in HGR and 11.9%-23.1% in GRM2 according to the region. SGL was generally resistant to viviparity because of the Tongil type. To minimize pre-harvest sprouting and produce high yield of rice flour in the Chungbuk province, the most suitable transplanting time was the end of May in MMT and the middle and end of June in EMT.

최근 쌀 소비 감소에 따라 밀가루 소비를 쌀가루로 바꾸기 위해 쌀가루 전용 품종을 개발하였으나, 지역과 품종별 재배방법 구명 및 취약한 수발아 발생을 회피하기 위한 재배방법을 구명하기 위해서 중만생종인 설갱, 한가루, 신길과 조생종인 가루미 2를 충북지역 청주와 보은의 시험연구 포장에서 3년간 시험한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 청주지역에서는 중만생종인 설갱, 한가루와 신길은 5월 30일 이앙에서 수량구성요소 및 수량이 가장 높았으며, 조생종 가루미 2는 6월 20일 이앙에서 가장 높았다. 출수 후 40일간 평균온도는 22~24℃로, 자포니카 및 통일형 품종 등숙조건에 적정하였다. 보은지역에서도 청주와 비슷한 경향이었고, 가루미 2는 6월 10일 이앙에서 가장 높았다. 2. 출수 20일 후에 직면하는 8월 중순부터 10월 상순까지 최근 5년간 평균기온은 평년보다 증가되었고, 지역별로 조생종 등숙시기인 8월 중순에는 1.2~1.9℃, 중만생종 등숙시기인 9월 상· 중순에 0.6~2.0℃가 증가되었다. 3일 이상 강우 빈도도 8월 하순은 1.6~1.8회, 9월 상순은 1.0회가 각각 많아져, 기존 이앙시기에서 쌀가루용 품종의 수발아 발생은 점차 늘어날 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 한가루와 가루미 2의 수발아 발생률은 청주와 보은지역에서 이앙시기가 늦어질수록 감소되었으며, 통일형 신길은 이앙시기에 따른 영향이 없었다. 4. 품종별 현미수량과 수발아 발생을 고려한 충북지역 적정 이앙시기는 청주에서는 설갱은 6월 4일, 한가루 6월 8일, 신길 5월 31일, 가루미 2는 6월 19일이며, 보은에서 설갱은 5월 29일, 한가루 5월 28일, 신길 5월 30일, 가루미 2는 6월 7일로 분석되었다.

Keywords

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