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원교(圓嶠) 이광사(李匡師)의 서예론(書藝論)과 서예심미(書藝審美)

The Calligraphy theory and the aesthetic of Calligraphy on Wongyo Lee KwangSa

  • Kim, Doyoung (Dept. of the faculty of liberal arts, Yewon Arts Univ)
  • 투고 : 2020.09.30
  • 심사 : 2020.10.21
  • 발행 : 2020.11.30

초록

원교(圓嶠) 이광사(李匡師)(1705~1777)는 18C 문예부흥기에서 한 시대를 대표했던 학자 예술가이다. 1755년(영조31) 나주벽서사건으로 인해 연좌, 완도군 신지도(薪智島)로 이배되어 총 23년간의 유배생활 끝에 운명하였다. 이때 속필(俗筆)로 흐른 서법과 서풍의 문제점을 바로 잡고자『원교서결(圓嶠書訣)』을 집필하였고, 서법적으로 본질을 새롭게 정립코자 하는 우리 민족 고유의 주체적·자각적 서풍인 동국진체(東國眞體)를 완성했다는 평가를 받는 독창적 서예술 구현으로 호남 일대에 절대적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 원교(圓嶠)의 서예심미는 양명학의 심진(心眞)을 근저로 하는 '창경발속(蒼勁拔俗)의 엄밀미(嚴密美)', '만호제력(萬毫齊力)의 양강미(陽剛美)', '진력추전(盡力推展)의 생명미(生命美)'로 전개된다. 그는 올바른 필법 구사를 위해서는 자유로운 조형과 생기가 있는 근골(筋骨) 화의(畫意)를 서예의 관건으로 인식하고 전례(篆隷) 고비(古碑)의 연마를 제안하였다. 생기가 있는 획이란 삼과(三過)와 길곡(佶曲)하는 가운데 창경발속(蒼勁拔俗)하여 자연스럽게 천기(天機)가 스며들고, 필묵은 만호제력(萬毫齊力)의 추전(推展)으로 운영하는 것이다. 이러한 서예심미는 삼과절필(三過折筆)과 길굴완전(佶屈宛轉), 만호제력(萬毫齊力)과 추전거(推展去) 등의 필법이 뒷받침되어 근골(筋骨)과 신기(神氣)로써 신채(神彩)를 드러내었고, 우리 민족 고유의 독창적 필세와 필의를 추구하고, 천연의 진성(眞性)을 드러내며 활물(活物)로써의 생명력 넘치는 원교체(圓嶠體)로 발현되었다.

Wongyo Lee KwangSa (1705~1777) is a scholar and artist who represented an era in the period of change and revival of Korean culture and art in the 18th century. In 1755 (31st Yeongjo), he was transferred to Sinjido due to the Naju Byeokseo Incident, and died in exile for a total of 23 years. He tried to correct the problems of the flow of calligraphy in common writing and the flow of calligraphy in the Joseon Dynasty, and wrote 『Wonkyo Seogyeol』. By realizing an original artistic state that is evaluated as having completed the 'Dongguk Jinche', which is a unique and subjective and self-conscious calligraphic flow of the Korean people who wants to reestablish the essence of calligraphy, it has had an absolute influence on the Honam area. Wonkyo's calligraphy aesthetics are developed into the beauty of ChanggyeongBalsog based on Shimjin of Yangminghak, Yanggangmi of Power of controlling all the stands of brush hair, and Vitality of Push out the brush with all your might. He recognized free sculpting and energetic, muscular strokes as the key to calligraphy, and suggested honing the old tombstones written in JeonYe. Vibrant stroke means that Cheongi naturally permeates in the midst of Samgwa and Gilgok, and the brush is operated with Push out the brush with all your might of Power of controlling all the stands of brush hair. These calligraphy aesthetics radiated sinchae with geungol and singi, and were expressed in Wongyo font, full of vitality as a living creature, pursuing the unique pilgrimage and pilgrimage unique to our nation, revealing the true nature of nature.

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참고문헌

  1. Kim Doyoung(2018), A Study on the Calligraphy Aesthetic of Sojeon Son Jaehyung,The Journal of Honam Area Studies Vol 64. Institute of Honam Studies, Chonnam National University.
  2. Song Hakyung(2005), Aesthetic thought of Wongyo Lee KwangSa, Yangming Studies Vol 13. Korean Society of Yangming.
  3. Lee Kwangsa, WongyoSeogyeol(圓嶠書訣)
  4. Jeosulyang, Nonseo(論書)
  5. Chaeong, Guse(九勢)
  6. Park Jinkyung(2014), A Study on Life Aesthetics Philosophy of Wongyo Lee KwangSa's Calligraphy, A Master's Thesis of Graduate School of Sungkyunkwan University.