Korea Trade Review (무역학회지)

Korea Trade Research Association (한국무역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Liberalization of Digital Trade and Trade Restrictiveness Factors of Data Privacy : Focusing on EU GDPR

디지털무역 자유화와 개인정보보호의 무역 제한적 요소에 대한 연구 : EU GDPR을 중심으로

  • Ki-Hooon Woo (Department of Management of Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Sung-Shik Shin (Department of Golobal Business, Changwon National University)
  • 우기훈 (건국대학교 기술경영학과 ) ;
  • 신성식 (창원대학교 글로벌 비즈니스 학부)
  • Received : 2020.05.30
  • Accepted : 2020.06.28
  • Published : 2020.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to identify the impact of EU GDPR on international trade amid the ongoing digital trade liberalization. To do this, we first looked at the current trend of digital trade liberalization, the role of data in it, and the trade-restrictive elements of EU GDPR. This allowed us to identify the negative impact of GDPR on free trade. It then conducted an interview survey on Korean companies operating in the EU to verify the conclusions reached. The result of this survey showed that the level of GDPR risk perceived by Korean firms was very low compared with those of American, Japanese and Chinese firms. In particular, the impact of GDPR is not clear for Korea's SMEs. It can be assumed that the reason for this is that Korean SMEs are not using data as a major business tool while the capability of SMEs is sufficient to cope with GDPR. In this regard, the government's appropriate policies and further research for SMEs are needed.

Keywords

References

  1. APEC CBPRs(2018), Benefits of the APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules(Discussion Draft). Aavailable from https://www.crowell.com/files/20181001-Benefits-of-CBPR-System%20Guide_Oct%202018_final.
  2. BASCAP and INTA(2017), The Economic Impacts of Counterfeiting and Piracy, Paris: Available from https://www.inta.org/communications/documents/2017_frontier_report.pdf.
  3. Choi, Jae-Rim(2018), Effects of the European General Personal Information Protection Act (GDPR) on export companies(Master's Thesis), Seoul: Korea University.
  4. Choi, Kyung-Jin(2017), The Analysis of EU GDPR and it's Implications, Seoul: NAVER Privacy White Paper.
  5. CISCO(2019), Maximizing the Value of Your Data Privacy Investments. Sanjose, USA: Available from https://www.communicationstoday.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Cisco_Data_Privacy_Benchmark-Study_2019.pdf.
  6. Congressional Research Service(2018a), DATA Flow, online privacy and trade policy, Washinhton: CRS.
  7. Congressional Research Service(2018b), Digital Trade and U.S. Trade Policy, Washinhton: CRS.
  8. ECIPE(2013), The Economic Important of Getting Data Protection Right (US Chamber of Commerce Report), Brussels: US Chamber of Commerce.
  9. European Commission(2016a), Decision (EU) 2016/1250 for USA. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/.
  10. European Commission(2016b), REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 April 2016. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/.
  11. Ham, In-sun(2016), EU Privacy Act. Gwangjoo Korea: Chonnam National University Press.
  12. Heidi Beate Bentzen, and Njal Hostmaelingen(2019), "Balancing Protection and Free Movement of Personal Data". Aavailable form https://doi.org/10.7326 /M18-2782. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-2782
  13. IAPP-EY(2019), Annual Privacy Governance Report 2019. Portsmouth, USA: IAPP-EY.
  14. Jung, Il-Young et al.(2019), Analysis of industrial ripple effects and innovation technology issues of GDPR(STEPI REPORT 233), Sejong, Korea: STEPI.
  15. Jung, Woo-Kyung Jung and Tae-In Kim (2018). "A Study on the Revision Direction of Incoterms in Accordance with the Change of e-Trade Customs", Korea trade review, 43(5), 115-137.
  16. Kim, Jin-Sam and Hyun-Jong Shin(2003), "The Increasing Returns of Digital Economy and Trade Pattern", Korea trade review, 28(2), 31-54.
  17. Kim, Jung-Gon, Na, Seung-Gon, Chang, Jong-Moon and Sung-Hee, Lee(2015), Highlights and implications of the EU digital single market strategy, Korea, Sejong: KIEP.
  18. KISA(2018), The EU General Personal Information Protection Act (GDPR) for Korean companies, Korea, Najoo : Korea Internet & Security Agency.
  19. KITA(2018), Current status and implications of digital trade barriers in major countries in the USTR Trade Barrier Report(TRADE REPORT, No 10), Seoul: KITA.
  20. Kwak, Dong-chul and Deuk-gun, Ahn(2016), "Digital trade in analogue regime - digital trade liberalization and role of trade agreements", International Trade Law, 131, 51-90. https://doi.org/10.36514/itl.2016..131.003
  21. Lee, Gyu-Yup, Moon-Hee Cho, Jun-Goo Kang, and Min-Jin Kang (2018), Trends and countermeasures of international discussions on data movement across borders(KIEP Research Report 18-18), Korea, Sejong: KIEP.
  22. Lee, Yong-Man, Lee, Gun-Tae and Jong-Kyu, Jeon(2000), The advent of the digital economy and its implications for the Korean economy, Seoul: LG Economic Research Institute.
  23. McDermott Will& Emery(2019), Keeping Pace in the GDPR Race, London: Ponemon institute.
  24. McKinsey Global Institute(2016), Digital Globalization: The New Era of Global Flows. Available from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/digital-globalization-the-new-era-of-global-flows.
  25. Moon, Jae-wan(2016), "Features and recent developments of the European Union's Privacy Act". Foreign law compilation. 40 (1).
  26. OECD (2017), OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2017, Paris: OECD Publishing. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264276284-en.
  27. OECD(2017), OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2017, Paris : OECD Publishing. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264276284-en.
  28. Park, No-Hyoung and Myung-Hyun, Jung (2018a), "Development of Digital Trade and International Law", The Korean Journal of International Law, 63(4), 197-216.
  29. Park, No-Hyoung and Myung-Hyun, Jung(2018b), "A Legal Analysis of the Profiling Provisions in the EU GDPR", Journal of Anam Law, 56, 283-315.
  30. PWC(2017), Pulse Survey: US Companies ramping up General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) budgets. Available from https://quiksite.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/pwc-gdpr-series-pulse-survey.pdf
  31. UNCTAD(2019), DIGITAL ECONOMY REPORT 2019, New York: United Nations Publications.
  32. USTR(2017), National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers, Office of the United States Trade Representative. Available from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2017/2017-national-trade-estimate
  33. USTR(2018), National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers, Office of the United States Trade Representative. Available from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2018/2018-national-trade-estimate.
  34. Yi Ji-Soo(2018), "Koreas Implementation of the Information Technology Agreement - a qualitative evaluation" , Korea trade review, 43(4), 131-153. https://doi.org/10.22659/KTRA.2018.43.4.131