Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
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Toxicological effects of urban particulate matter on corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells

  • Hyun, Soo-Wang (Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Song, Su Jeong (Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Park, Bongkyun (Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Tae Gu (Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Chan-Sik (Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine)
  • Received : 2019.07.29
  • Accepted : 2019.12.06
  • Published : 2020.10.15
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Abstract

Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) is a high-risk factor for various ocular surface diseases, including dry eye syndrome. However, the effects of UPM on corneal and conjunctival epithelium damage have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the toxicological effects of UPM exposure at high concentrations by using in vitro cultures. The cell viability, mucin expression, and the secreted inflammatory mediators of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells was observed at 24 h after exposure to UPM. The progression of cell cycle was also examined by flow cytometry at 24 h after exposure to UPM. UPM reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and increased cell population in S and G2 phase. The expression of mucin-1 was attenuated by UPM exposure, but that of mucin-4 was not. UPM increased interleukin (IL)-6 release and decreased IL-8 release. The intensity of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) was highest at 4 h of UPM exposure. In conclusion, these results suggest that UPM causes the disruption of corneal and conjunctival epithelium by decreasing cell viability, altering cell cycle, disrupting mucin, and regulating inflammatory mediators.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through High Value-added Food Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (#317033-03). This work was also supported by Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (Project No. KSN1812080) and NST (National Research Council of Science & Technology)-KIOM (Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) Postdoctoral Research Fellowship for Young Scientists.

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