Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
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Influences of Oceanographic Features on Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Size Spectrum of Walleye Pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus Inhabiting Middle Eastern Coast of Korea

동해 중부 연안 환경 변화에 따른 명태 개체 크기 및 분포의 시공간적 변화

  • Jung, Hae Kun (Fisheries Resources and Environment Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Lee, Chung Il (Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Park, Hyun Je (Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Park, Joo Myun (Dokdo Research Center, East Sea Research Institute, Korean Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
  • 정해근 (국립수산과학원 동해수산연구소 자원환경과) ;
  • 이충일 (강릉원주대학교 해양자원육성학과) ;
  • 박현제 (강릉원주대학교 해양자원육성학과) ;
  • 박주면 (한국해양과학기술원 동해연구소 독도전문연구센터)
  • Received : 2020.06.15
  • Accepted : 2020.09.01
  • Published : 2020.09.30
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Abstract

This study investigated the seasonal and inter-annual changes in vertical distribution and size spectrum of walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus inhabiting middle eastern coast of Korea (hear after pollock). Pollock was distributed between 50 m and 600 m depth range, and body size (total length) ranged from 16.6 cm to 81.5 cm. The trends of population body size were increased in autumn and winter and decreased in spring and summer. Vertical distribution of pollock showned depth-dependent patterns with distributing smaller individuals mainly in the upper layer (shallower depth), while larger fish in deeper habitats. Those patterns in vertical distribution of pollock population is probably due to be the results of energy-saving strategy, metabolic effects, and changes in prey selections according to pollock growth, derived from spatial and temporal changes in oceanic condition in habitat grounds. When water temperature in upper layer were increased and that of below thermocline depth became decreased in 2017, the ratio of smaller (<35 cm) and larger (≥35 cm) individuals was biased toward larger fishes, extending their distribution into shallow depth, and consequently main fishing ground was formed in far from coastal area. In addition, the ratio of smaller individual distributing between 100~300 m was increased with decreasing temperature gradient between below thermocline and bottom layer. Changes in spatial and temporal distributions of pollock population likely be related with vertical and horizontal changes in oceanic conditions and, consequently food supplies.

본 연구는 동해 중부 연안에 서식하는 명태의 연직 분포와 개체 크기의 계절 및 연간 변화를 분석하였다. 2016년 1월부터 2018년 2월까지 채집된 명태 개체의 전장은 16.6 cm~81.5cm 범위를 나타내었으며, 50~600 m 사이의 수심대에서 어획되었다. 이 중 25~35 cm 그룹이 차지하는 비율은 45.5%, 35~45 cm 그룹이 차지하는 비율은 27.2%를 나타내며 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 평균 전장은 1월에 가장 크고, 6월에 가장 작았으며, 6월 이후 점차 증가하는 계절주기 변동 특성을 나타내었다. 25 cm 미만 그룹은 100~200 m 수심에 서식하는 비율이 겨울철에 가장 높으며, 이후 봄, 여름, 가을에는 보다 깊은 수심으로 주 서식처를 변화하여 400 m 이상 수심에서 서식하는 비율이 40% 이상을 차지하였다. 25~35 cm와 35~45 cm 개체 그룹의 겨울철 연직 분포는 400 m 이상 수심에서 서식하는 비율이 45% 이상을 기록하였으며, 봄과 여름에는 보다 얕은 수심영역으로 서식처를 변화하여 200 m 미만 수심에서 서식하는 비율이 증가하였다. 이후 가을부터는 다시 서식하는 수심대가 깊어져 300 m 이상 수심의 비율이 증가하였다. 45 cm 이상 개체 그룹은 뚜렷한 계절 변동성을 나타내지 않으며 300 m 이상 수심에서 서식하는 비율이 가장 높았다. 이러한 명태의 연직 분포는 서식처의 물리적 환경 변화에 영향을 받는다. 특히, 상층부의 수온이 상승하고 수온약층 아래 100~300 m 수심대의 수온이 하강한 시기에는 300 m 이상의 깊은 수심대에서 어획되는 비율은 감소한 반면, 수온이 하강한 100~300 m 수심대에서 어획되는 비율이 증가하였다.

Keywords

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