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국내 구상나무(Abies koreana Wilson) 연구 40년: 검토 및 제언

Review Forty-year Studies of Korean fir(Abies koreana Wilson)

  • 구경아 (한국환경정책.평가연구원 물국토연구본부 자연환경연구실) ;
  • 김다빈 (한국환경정책.평가연구원 물국토연구본부 자연환경연구실)
  • Koo, Kyung Ah (Korean Environment Institute, Water and Land Research Group, Division for Natural Environment) ;
  • Kim, Da-Bin (Korean Environment Institute, Water and Land Research Group, Division for Natural Environment)
  • 투고 : 2020.06.15
  • 심사 : 2020.08.20
  • 발행 : 2020.10.31

초록

기후변화에 따른 심각한 생물다양성 감소가 예측됨에 따라 우리나라의 대표적인 기후변화 멸종위기종인 구상나무(Abies koreana Wilson)의 서식지 감소와 생육쇠퇴 및 고사 원인에 관한 연구가 지난 40년간 수행되었다. 본 연구는 지난 40년간(1980~2020년) 이루어진 구상나무에 대한 연구를 10년 단위로 나누고, 생태학적 연구의 분야들에 초점을 맞추어 시대별·지역별·분야별 연구 동향 및 연구결과를 분석하였다. 또한, 이를 토대로 구상나무의 효과적 관리 및 보전을 위해 필요한 연구의 방향을 제시하였다. 생태학적 연구 분야는 진화생태, 생리생태, 개체군생태, 경관생태로 구분하였다. 지난 40년간 총 73편의 논문이 발표되었으며, 최근 10년 동안 65.8%인 48편의 논문이 발표되었다. 지역별로는 한라산에서 41편의 논문이 발표되어 가장 많은 연구가 이루어졌다. 분야별로는 생리생태연구에서 가장 많은 38편의 연구논문이 발표되었으며, 진화생태연구는 가장 적은 10편의 연구가 출판되었다. 분야별로 수행된 연구결과를 검토한 결과 많은 연구에서 구상나무의 쇠퇴 및 서식지 감소의 주된 요인은 기후변화에 따른 온도상승과 봄철 강수량 감소로 발생한 수분수지 불균형에 의한 건조 스트레스인 것으로 추정되었다. 그러나 구상나무의 쇠퇴와 고사에 대한 원인은 아직 분명하게 규명되지 못하고 있는데. 이는 대부분의 연구가 기초적인 내용을 다루고 있으며, 간헐적 수행과 일부 지역에 편중되어 있었기 때문이다. 구상나무 쇠퇴 원인을 규명하고 이를 토대로 지속가능한 관리와 보전 방안을 제시하기 위해서는 각 연구 분야에서 지속적이고 발전된 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 각 분야의 연구를 통합하여 종합적으로 분석하는 생태계생태와 시스템생태 등 연구 분야의 확장이 필요하다.

As climate change is expected to lead to a severe reduction of biodiversity, studies to investigate the reasons for habitat loss, growth decline, and death of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson), endangered alpine/subalpine species in Korea, have been conducted for years but found no clear answer yet. This study reviewed previous studies on Korean fir published in the journals in the past 40 years, 1980 through 2020, into 10-year units, examined the study trend by period, region, and subject with a focus on ecological studies, and analyzed the study results. The ecological studies were categorized into evolutionary ecology, physiological ecology, population ecology, and landscape ecology. Based on the results, we suggested the required research fields in the future. We found a total of 73 papers published in the past 40 years and 48 (65.8%) of them published in the past 10 years. In terms of region, Mt. Halla accounted for the most as 41 papers were on it. In terms of ecological subjects, the physiological ecology accounted for the most with 38, and the evolutionary ecology accounted for the least with 10. The review of the study results showed that many studies identified water stress caused by the water resource imbalance due to temperature increase and spring precipitation reduction following climate change as the main reason for the decline and habitat loss of Korean fir. However, recent studies suggested other factors, such as soil environment, disturbing organisms, and climatic events. The cause of the decline and death of the Korean fir not yet being clearly identified is that most of the studies dealt with the basic content, were carried out intermittently, and were concentrated in some regions. Therefore, we need long-term studies with advanced technology in each study subject at a local scale to find the cause of Korean fir decline and present sustainable management and conservation. Moreover, it is necessary to extend our study subjects to ecosystem ecology and systems ecology to integrate the results from various study subjects for a comprehensive understanding of the reason for Korean fir declines. The results of comprehensive studies could provide clearer answers for Korean fir's declines and the alternatives of conservation management and practices.

키워드

참고문헌

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