Simulations of Transmittance for the ITO/Ag/ITO Multiple Transparent Electrode Layers by 3 Dimensional FDTD Method

3차원 FDTD 방법에 의한 ITO/Ag/ITO 다층 투명전극막의 투과도 시뮬레이션

  • Kim, Ki Rak (Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University) ;
  • Cho, Eou Sik (Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University) ;
  • Kwon, Sang Jik (Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University)
  • 김기락 (가천대학교 전자공학과) ;
  • 조의식 (가천대학교 전자공학과) ;
  • 권상직 (가천대학교 전자공학과)
  • Received : 2020.09.04
  • Accepted : 2020.09.22
  • Published : 2020.09.30

Abstract

As a highly conductive and transparent electrode, the optical transmittances of ITO/Ag/ITO were simulated and compared with the experimental results. The simulations are based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in solving linear Maxwell equations. In our simulations, the computation domain is set in the XZ-plane with 3D dimension, and a plane wave with variable wavelengths ranging from 250 nm to 850 nm is incident in the z-direction at normal incidence to the ITO/Ag/ITO film surrounded by free-air space. As the results through both simulations and experiments, it was shown that the thickness combinations by the ITO layers of about 40 nm and the Ag layer of about 10 nm could be most suitable conditions as a high conductive transparent electrode having the transmittance similar to that of a single ITO layer.

Keywords

References

  1. C. Y. Park, J. H. Lee, B. H. Choi, "Effects of surface treatment of ITO anode layer patterned with shadow mask technology on characteristics of organic lightemitting diodes," Organic Elect., vol. 14, pp. 3172-3179, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2013.09.010
  2. S. I. Kim, K. W. Lee, B. B. Sahu, and J. G. Han, "Flexible OLED fabrication with ITO thin film on polymer substrate," Jpn. J. App. Phys., Vol. 54, pp. 090301-1-090301-4, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.54.090301
  3. M. Eritt, C. May, K. Leo, M. Toerker, C. Radehaus, "OLED manufacturing for large area lighting applications," Thin Solid Films, Vol. 518, pp. 3042-3045, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.09.188
  4. J. Park, J. Lee, Y. Y. Noh, "Optical and thermal properties of large-area OLED lightings with metallic grids," Organic Electronics, Vol. 13, pp. 184-194, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2011.10.024
  5. M. Girtan, M. Rusu, "Role of ITO and PEDOT:PSS in stability/degradation of polymer: fullerene bulk heterojunctions solar cells," Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells, Vol. 94, pp. 446-450, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.10.026
  6. S. K. Park, J. I. Han, W. K. Kim, and M. G. Kwak, "Deposition of indium-tin-oxide films on polymer substrates for application in plastic-based flat panel displays," Thin Solid Films Vol. 397, pp. 49-55, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01489-4
  7. T. Uchida, Y. Kasahara, T. Otomo, S. Seki, M. Wang, and Y. Sawada, "Transparent conductive electrode deposited by Cs-incorporated RF magnetron sputtering and evaluation of the damage in OLED organic layer," Thin Solid Films, Vol. 516, pp. 5907-5910, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.10.042
  8. K. H. Choi, J. H. Kim, Y. J. Noh, S. I. Na, and H. K. Kim, "Ag nanowire-embedded ITO films as a nearinfrared transparent and flexible anode for flexible organic solar cells," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, Vol. 110, pp. 147-153, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2012.12.022
  9. D. Miao, S. Jiang, S. Shang, and Z. Chen, Highly transparent and infrared reflective AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer film prepared on PET substrate by RF magnetron sputtering," Vac., Vol. 106, pp. 1-4, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2014.02.021
  10. S. Yu, L. Li, D. Xu, H. Dong, and Y. Jin, "Characterization of SnO2/Cu/SnO2 multilayers for high performance transparent conducting electrodes," Thin Solid Films, Vol. 562, pp. 501-505, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.04.064
  11. D. Kim, Low temperature deposition of transparent conducting ITO/Au/ITO films by reactive magnetron sputtering", Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 256, pp. 1774-1777, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.002
  12. Y. S. Park, H. K. Park, J. A. Jeong, H. K. Kim, K. H. Choi, S. I. Nam, and D. Y. Kim, "Comparative Investigation of Transparent ITO/Ag/ITO and ITO/Cu/ITO Electrodes Grown by Dual-Target DC Sputtering for Organic Photovoltaics," J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 156, pp. H588-H594, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3131362
  13. Y. T. Yoon, E. S. Cho, and S. J. Kwon, "Optical Analysis of the TO/Ag/ITO Multiple Layers as a Highly Conductive Transparent Electrode", J. Semiconductor & Display Tech., Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 87-91, 2019.