References
- Hall MJ, DeFrances CJ, Williams SN, Golosinskiy A, Schwartzman A. National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2007 summary. Natl Health Stat Report 2010;(29):1-20.
- Tognoni P, Simonato A, Robutti N, Pisani M, Cataldi A, Monacelli F, et al. Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) after urological surgery in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011;52:e166-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.10.021
- Bjurlin MA, Goble SM, Fantus RJ, Hollowell CM. Outcomes in geriatric genitourinary trauma. J Am Coll Surg 2011;213:415-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.06.001
- Neuman MD, Bosk CL. What we talk about when we talk about risk: refining surgery's hazards in medical thought. Milbank Q 2012;90:135-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00657.x
- Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, Barnason SA, Beckman JA, Bozkurt B, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:e77-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.944
- Townsend NT, Robinson TN. Surgical risk and comorbidity in older urologic patients. Clin Geriatr Med 2015;31:591-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2015.06.009
- Lu J, Cao LL, Zheng CH, Li P, Xie JW, Wang JB, et al. The preoperative frailty versus inflammation-based prognostic score: which is better as an objective predictor for gastric cancer patients 80 years and older? Ann Surg Oncol 2017;24:754-62. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5656-7
- Robinson TN, Walston JD, Brummel NE, Deiner S, Brown CH 4th, Kennedy M, et al. Frailty for surgeons: review of a National Institute on Aging conference on frailty for specialists. J Am Coll Surg 2015;221:1083-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.08.428
- Ethun CG, Bilen MA, Jani AB, Maithel SK, Ogan K, Master VA. Frailty and cancer: implications for oncology surgery, medical oncology, and radiation oncology. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:362-77. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21406
- Cohen RR, Lagoo-Deenadayalan SA, Heflin MT, Sloane R, Eisen I, Thacker JM, et al. Exploring predictors of complication in older surgical patients: a deficit accumulation index and the Braden Scale. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60:1609-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04109.x
- Collard RM, Boter H, Schoevers RA, Oude Voshaar RC. Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60:1487-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x
- Buettner S, Wagner D, Kim Y, Margonis GA, Makary MA, Wilson A, et al. Inclusion of sarcopenia outperforms the modified frailty index in predicting 1-year mortality among 1,326 patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for a malignant indication. J Am Coll Surg 2016;222:397-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.020
- Huisman MG, Audisio RA, Ugolini G, Montroni I, Vigano A, Spiliotis J, et al. Screening for predictors of adverse outcome in onco-geriatric surgical patients: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015;41:844-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2015.02.018
- Chung CJ, Wu C, Jones M, Kato TS, Dam TT, Givens RC, et al. Reduced handgrip strength as a marker of frailty predicts clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure undergoing ventricular assist device placement. J Card Fail 2014;20:310-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.02.008
- Abellan van Kan G, Rolland YM, Morley JE, Vellas B. Frailty: toward a clinical definition. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2008;9:71-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2007.11.005
- Woo J, Yu R, Wong M, Yeung F, Wong M, Lum C. Frailty screening in the community using the FRAIL scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015;16:412-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.01.087
- Saliba D, Elliott M, Rubenstein LZ, Solomon DH, Young RT, Kamberg CJ, et al. The Vulnerable Elders Survey: a tool for identifying vulnerable older people in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:1691-9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49281.x
- Revenig LM, Canter DJ, Henderson MA, Ogan K, Kooby DA, Maithel SK, et al. Preoperative quantification of perceptions of surgical frailty. J Surg Res 2015;193:583-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.069
- Li JL, Henderson MA, Revenig LM, Sweeney JF, Kooby DA, Maithel SK, et al. Frailty and one-year mortality in major intra-abdominal operations. J Surg Res 2016;203:507-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.03.007
- Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ 2005;173:489-95. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.050051
- Obeid NM, Azuh O, Reddy S, Webb S, Reickert C, Velanovich V, et al. Predictors of critical care-related complications in colectomy patients using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program: exploring frailty and aggressive laparoscopic approaches. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012;72:878-83. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31824d0f70
- Kellen E, Bulens P, Deckx L, Schouten H, Van Dijk M, Verdonck I, et al. Identifying an accurate pre-screening tool in geriatric oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010;75:243-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.12.002
- Hamaker ME, Jonker JM, de Rooij SE, Vos AG, Smorenburg CH, van Munster BC. Frailty screening methods for predicting outcome of a comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly patients with cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:e437-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70259-0
- White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G, Malone A, Schofield M; Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Malnutrition Work Group, et al. Consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). J Acad Nutr Diet 2012;112:730-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.03.012
- Arya S, Kim SI, Duwayri Y, Brewster LP, Veeraswamy R, Salam A, et al. Frailty increases the risk of 30-day mortality, morbidity, and failure to rescue after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair independent of age and comorbidities. J Vasc Surg 2015;61:324-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.08.115
- Jung HW, Jang IY, Lee YS, Lee CK, Cho EI, Kang WY, et al. Prevalence of frailty and aging-related health conditions in older Koreans in rural communities: a cross-sectional analysis of the aging study of Pyeongchang rural area. J Korean Med Sci 2016;31:345-52. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2016.31.3.345
- Revenig LM, Canter DJ, Master VA, Maithel SK, Kooby DA, Pattaras JG, et al. A prospective study examining the association between preoperative frailty and postoperative complications in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery. J Endourol 2014;28:476-80. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2013.0496
- Chappidi MR, Kates M, Patel HD, Tosoian JJ, Kaye DR, Sopko NA, et al. Frailty as a marker of adverse outcomes in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol 2016;34:256.
- Lascano D, Pak JS, Kates M, Finkelstein JB, Silva M, Hagen E, et al. Validation of a frailty index in patients undergoing curative surgery for urologic malignancy and comparison with other risk stratification tools. Urol Oncol 2015;33:426.
- Levy I, Finkelstein M, Bilal KH, Palese M. Modified frailty index associated with Clavien-Dindo IV complications in robot-assisted radical prostatectomies: a retrospective study. Urol Oncol 2017;35:425-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.01.005