References
- Korean Orthopedic Association. Orthopaedics. 7th ed. Seoul:ChoiSin medical Publishing Co. 2013:266, 308, 314, 949, 956, 1683-4.
- The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists. Anesthesia. 1st ed. Seoul:Kunja Publishing Inc. 2002:1985-2011.
- Yu EY, Kim JH, Baik HJ, Kim YJ. The perioperative anesthetic management of total knee or hip replacement arthroplasty: a retrospective study. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2006;51(6):701-8. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2006.51.6.701
- Thompson R, Kane RL, Gromala T, McLaughlin B, Flood S, Morris N, Borbas C. Complications and short-term outcomes associated with total hip arthroplasty in teaching and community hospitals. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17(1):32-40. https://doi.org/10.1054/arth.2002.28725
- Cushner F, Agnelli G, FitzGerald G, Warwick D. Complications and functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty: results from the Global Orthopaedic Registry (GLORY). Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2010;39(9 Suppl):22-8.
- Saleh KJ, Kassim R, Yoon P, Vorlicky LN. Complications of total hip arthroplasty. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2002;31(8):485-8.
- National Health Insurance Service. 2018 Major operation statistical yearbook [Internet] 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 19]. Available from: URL: http://www.nhis.or.kr.
- Shin HR. Acupuncture for perioperative care of total hip arthroplasty; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [dissertation]. Iksan: Wonkwang University; 2019.
- The Korean Academy of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine. The Acupuncture and moxibustion medicine. Seoul:Hanmi Medical. 2016:142-3, 678-80, 768-9.
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. NECA, NECA's guidance for undertaking systematic reviews and meta-analyses for intervention. Seoul:National Evidence-based healthcare Collaborating Agency. 2011:30, 66, 82-5.
- Gu XH, Liu PR, Li C, Sun HF, Cao DP, Li SB, Lu HJ, Ma WW, Hong C, Chen XC. Effects of combined acupuncture-drug anesthesia on tolerance and postoperative psychonosema in artificial femoral head replacement of elderly patients. SH J TCM. 2018;52(1):54-7.
- Li JF, Zhang K. Effects of combined acupuncture-drug anesthesia on tolerance and postoperative psychonosema in artificial femoral head replacement of elderly patients. Clinical Research. 2019;27(4):137-8.
- Qu N, Wang XJ, Su YL. Clinical efficacy and safety analysis of acupuncture combined with general anesthesia in elderly hip replacement. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2019;46(4):836-8.
- Bai D, Zhang H. Study on the application of acupuncture-assisted anesthesia in the elderly hip joint replacement. China Modern Doctor. 2019;57(14):108-11.
- Liu PR, Peng S, Han ZX, Zhang Y, Diao S. Effect of electroacupuncture at "four close" points on cognitive function in elderly patients with hip replacement. Journal of Tongji University. 2017;38(6):67-71.
- Liu PR, Han ZX, Zhang Y, Gui M, Diao S. Effects of electroacupuncture on immune function, adrenal stress and cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement. Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy. 2018;24(8):95-8, 105.
- Zhang LY, Zhang GX, Wang DH, Liang X, Qiu LL, Jin YJ, Dai G, Liu HP, Xue JJ. A study on perioperative TEAS in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after total hip replacement. Western Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2019;32(8):104-7.
- Xu XK. Clinical research on prevention of DVT after THA by electro-acupuncture and systematic evaluation of prevention by traditional Chinese medicine [dissertation]. Guangzhou:Guangzhou University; 2019.
- Xu QG, Jiang L, He X, Chen DQ. Effect of electroacupuncture at "Siguan" points on postoperative cognitive function and serum HIF-1A in elderly patients with hip replacement. Journal of Guizhou Medical University. 2019;44(11):1320-4.
- Yang LZ, Zhang CL, Zhu HS. Clinical study of perioperative electroacupuncture intervention in postoperative delirium in hip replacement surgery patients. Shanghai J Acu-mox. 2017;36(3):300-2.
- Xie FL, Xu ZF, Xiong XH. Effect of mental tri-needle electro-acupuncture on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients after hip joint replacement surgery. Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2016;33(6):813-7.
- The Korean Academy of Clinical Geriatrics. Practice of geriatrics. 1st ed. Seoul: Hanuri. 2003:467-73.
- Mantilla CB, Horlocker TT, Schroeder DR, Berry DJ, Brown DL. Frequency of myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and death following primary hip or knee arthroplasty. Anesthesiology. 2002;96(5):1140-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200205000-00017
- Brauer C, Morrison RS, Silberzweig SB, Siu AL. The cause of delirium in patients with hip fracture. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(12):1856-60. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.12.1856
- Flinn DR, Diehl KM, Seyfried LS, Malani PN. Prevention, diagnosis, and management of postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;209(2):261-8;quiz 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.03.008
- Francis J, Martin D, Kapoor WN. A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA. 1990;263(8):1097-101. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03440080075027
- Inouye SK. Prevention of delirium in hospitalized older patients: risk factors and targeted intervention strategies. Ann Med. 2000;32(4):257-63. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890009011770
- Marcantonio ER, Goldman L, Mangione CM, Ludwig LE, Muraca B, Hauslauer CM, Donaldson MC, Whittemore AD, Sugarbaker DJ, Poss R. Haas S, Cook EF, Orav EJ, Lee TH. A clinical prediction rule for delirium after elective noncardiac surgery. JAMA. 1994;271(2):134-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03510260066030
- Filos KS, Lehmann KA. Current concepts and practice in postoperative pain management: Need for a change? Eur Surg Res. 1999;31(2):97-107. https://doi.org/10.1159/000008627
- Follin SL, Charland SL. Acute management: operative or medical procedures and trauma. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31(9):1068-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100917
- Block BM, Liu SS, Rowlingson AJ, Cowan AR, Cowan JA, Wu CL. Efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2003;290(18):2455-63. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.18.2455
- Burstal R, Wegener F, Hayes C, Lantry G. Epidural analgesia: prospective audit of 1062 patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1998;26(2):165-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X9802600206
- Capdevila X, Barthelet Y, Biboulet P, Ryckwaert Y, Rubenovitch J, d'Athis F. Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999;91(1):8-15. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199907000-00006
- Horlocker TT, Cabanela ME, Wedel DJ. Does postoperative epidural analgesia increase the risk of peroneal nerve palsy after total knee arthroplasty? Anesth Analg. 1994;79(3):495-500.
- Horlocker TT, Hebl JR, Kinney MA, Cabanela ME. Opioid-free analgesia following total knee arthroplasty-a multimodal approach using continuous lumbar plexus(psoas compartment)block, acetaminophen, and ketorolac. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27(1):105-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00115550-200201000-00019
- Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ. Neuraxial block and low-molecular-weight heparin: balancing perioperative analgesia and thromboprophylaxis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1998;23(6 Suppl 2):164-77. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199823020-00009
- Ready LB. Acute pain: lessons learned from 25,000 patients. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999;24(6):499-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1098-7339(99)90038-X
- Peilin S. Management of postoperative pain with acupuncture. USA:Elsevier. 2007:13-4, 215-20.