Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Hip Flexor Flexibility on Performing the Conventional Deadlift

엉덩관절 굽힘근 유연성이 컨벤셔널 데드리프트 동작 수행에 미치는 영향

  • Ji, Young Sung (Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Yoon, Sukhoon (Department of Community Sport, Korea National Sport Universtiy)
  • Received : 2020.08.17
  • Accepted : 2020.09.28
  • Published : 2020.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect pf flexibility of hip flexor muscles on a conventional deadlift movement. Method: Eighteen healthy male were participated in this study and were divided into normal group (NG: age: 24.0±1.8 yrs, height: 174.5±2.37 cm, body mass: 74.4±5.5 kg, 1RM: 138.0±23.8 kg) and restricted group (RG: age: 24.6±1.7 yrs, height: 171.5±5.3 cm, body mass: 74.0±5.7 kg, 1RM: 137.5±18.3 kg) by Thomas test, which measure flexibility of hip flexor muscles. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 3 channels of EMG was performed in this study. A two-way ANOVA (group x load) with repeated measure was used for statistical verification. The significant level was set at α=.05. Results: RG revealed significantly increased muscle activation in erector spinae on 70% and 90% of 1RM and decreased muscle activation in gluteus maximus on 90% of 1RM compared to NG (p<.05). For the muscle activation ratio for agonist to synergist, erector spinae showed the difference in 90% of 1RM while hamstring was observed differences in all loads (p<.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that hip flexibility affects conventional deadlift movement. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the flexibility of the hip flexor muscles before performing the movement and, as needed, to train to address the lack of flexibility.

Keywords

References

  1. Aasa, B., Berglund, L., Michaelson, P. & Aasa, U. (2015). Individualized low-load motor control exercises and education versus a high-load lifting exercise and education to improve activity, pain intensity, and physical performance in patients with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 45(2), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2015.5021
  2. Akuthota, V. & Nadler, S. F. (2004). Core strengthening. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.apmr.2003.12.005
  3. Baechle, T. R. & Earle, R. W. (Eds.). (2008). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. Human kinetics.
  4. Bird, S. & Barrington-Higgs, B. (2010). Exploring the deadlift. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 32(2), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181d59582
  5. Brindle, T. J., Nitz, A. J., Uhl, T. L., Kifer, E. & Shapiro, R. (2004). Measures of accuracy for active shoulder movements at 3 different speeds with kinesthetic and visual feedback. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 34(8), 468-478. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2004.34.8.468
  6. Carbe, J. & Lind, A. (2014). A kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic analysis of 1-repetition maximum deadlifts (unpublished bachelor's thesis). University of gothenburg, Sweden.
  7. Cholewicki, J., McGill, S. M. & Norman, R. W. (1991). Lumbar spine loads during the lifting of extremely heavy weights. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23(10), 1179-1186.
  8. Cholewicki, J. & McGill, S. M. (1992). Lumbar posterior ligament involvement during extremely heavy lifts estimated from fluoroscopic measurements. Journal of Biomechanics, 25(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(92)90242-S
  9. Chulvi-Medrano, I., Garcia-Masso, X., Colado, J. C., Pablos, C., de Moraes, J. A. & Fuster, M. A. (2010). Deadlift muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2723-2730. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181f0a8b9
  10. Cook, G. (2010). Movement: Functional movement systems: Screening, assessment, corrective strategies. BookBaby.
  11. Edington, C., Greening, C., Kmet, N., Philipenko, N., Purves, L., Stevens, J. & Butcher, S. (2018). The Effect of Set Up Position on EMG Amplitude, Lumbar Spine Kinetics, and Total Force Output During Maximal Isometric Conventional-Stance Deadlifts. Sports, 6(3), 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030090
  12. Escamilla, R. F., Francisco, A. C., Fleisig, G. S., Barrentine, S. W., Welch, C. M., Kayes, A. V. & Andrews, J. R. (2000). A threedimensional biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(7), 1265-1275. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200007000-00013
  13. Fortin, J. D. & Falco, F. J. E. (1997). The Biomechanicai Principles of Preventing Weightlifting Injuries. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 11, 697-716.
  14. Frank, C., Page, P. & Lardner, R. (2009). Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance: the Janda approach. Human Kinetics.
  15. Fulkerson, J. P. (2002). Diagnosis and treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(3), 447-456. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300032501
  16. Haff, G. G. & Triplett, N. T. (Eds.). (2015). Essentials of strength training and conditioning 4th edition. Human kinetics.
  17. Hales, M. E., Johnson, B. F. & Johnson, J. T. (2009). Kinematic analysis of the powerlifting style squat and the conventional deadlift during competition: is there a cross-over effect between lifts?. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2574-2580. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc1d2a
  18. Holmberg, D., Crantz, H. & Michaelson, P. (2012). Treating persistent low back pain with deadlift training-A single subject experimental design with a 15-month follow-up. Advances in Physiotherapy, 14(2), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.3109/14038196.2012.674973
  19. Huh, Y., Shon, J. & Huh, J. (2015). An epidemiological investigation of CrossFit injuries in South Korea. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 54(1), 495-504.
  20. Jones, C. S., Christensen, C. & Young, M. (2000). Weight training injury trends: a 20-year survey. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 28(7), 61-72.
  21. Kang, E. & Shin, J. (2017). A case study of injuries among the users of fitness centers. The Korea Journal of Sports Science, 26(6), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2017.12.26.6.127
  22. Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M. & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: Testing and function, with posture and pain (Kendall, Muscles). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  23. Krajewski, K., LeFavi, R. & Riemann, B. (2018). A Biomechanical Analysis of the Effects of Bouncing the Barbell in the Conventional Deadlift. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33, suppl S70-S77. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002545
  24. Kwon, O. Y. & Koh, E. K. (2002). The comparison of the onset times of hamstring, gluteus maximus, and lumbar erector spinae muscle activity during hip extension between subjects with low back pain and healthy subjects. Physical Therapy Korea, 9(2), 33-42.
  25. Lewis, C. L., Sahrmann, S. A. & Moran, D. W. (2007). Anterior hip joint force increases with hip extension, decreased gluteal force, or decreased iliopsoas force. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(16), 3725-3731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.06.024
  26. McAndrew, D., Gorelick, M. & Brown, J. M. M. (2006). Muscles within muscles: a mechanomyographic analysis of muscle segment contractile properties within human gluteus maximus. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, 10(01), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218957706001704
  27. McGuigan, M. R. & Wilson, B. D. (1996). Biomechanical analysis of the deadlift. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 10(4), 250-255. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(1996)010<0250:BAOTD>2.3.CO;2
  28. Mills, M., Frank, B., Goto, S., Blackburn, T., Cates, S., Clark, M. & Padua, D. (2015). Effect of restricted hip flexor muscle length on hip extensor muscle activity and lower extremity biomechanics in college-aged female soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(7), 946.
  29. Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2017). 2017 Health statistics.
  30. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. (2017). 2017 Survey on participation in national recreation activities.
  31. Myers, T. W. (2001). Anatomy trains: Myofascial meridians for manual an movement therapists. Churchill Livingstone.
  32. Neumann, D. A. (2010). Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: foundations for rehabilitation, ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby.
  33. Ng, G. Y. F., Zhang, A. Q. & Li, C. K. (2008). Biofeedback exercise improved the EMG activity ratio of the medial and lateral vasti muscles in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18(1), 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.08.010
  34. Osar, E. (2012). Corrective Exercise Solutions to Common Shoulder and Hip Dysfunction. BookBaby.
  35. Palmitier, R. A., An, K. N., Scott, S. G. & Chao, E. Y. (1991). Kinetic Chain Exercise in Knee Rehabilitation. Sports Medicine, 11(6), 402-413. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199111060-00005
  36. Piper, T. J. & Waller, M. A. (2001). Variations of the deadlift. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 23(3), 66. https://doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200106000-00013
  37. Rippetoe, M. & Kilgore, L. (2007). Starting strength: Basic barbell training. Wichita Falls, Texas, USA: Aasgaard Company.
  38. Sahrmann, S. A. (2002). Does postural assessment contribute to patient care?. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 32(8), 376-379. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2002.32.8.376
  39. Sherrington, C. S. (1913). Reflex inhibition as a factor in the coordination of movements and postures. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology: Translation and Integration, 6(3), 251-310. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1913.sp000142
  40. Snyder, B. J., Cauthen, C. P. & Senger, S. R. (2017). Comparison of Muscle Involvement and Posture Between the Conventional Deadlift and a "Walk-In" Style Deadlift Machine. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(10), 2859-2865. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001723
  41. Swinton, P. A., Stewart, A., Agouris, I., Keogh, J. W. & Lloyd, R. (2011). A biomechanical analysis of straight and hexagonal barbell deadlifts using submaximal loads. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(7), 2000-2009. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e73f87
  42. Thompson, B. J., Stock, M. S., Shields, J. E., Luera, M. J., Munayer, I. K. Mota, J. A., & Olinghouse, K. D. (2015). Barbell deadlift training increases the rate of torque development and vertical jump performance in novices. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000691
  43. Wang, R., Hoffman, J. R., Tanigawa, S., Miramonti, A. A., La Monica, M. B., Beyer, K. S. & Stout, J. R. (2016). Isometric mid-thigh pull correlates with strength, sprint, and agility performance in collegiate rugby union players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(11), 3051-3056. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001416
  44. Westcott, W. L. (2012). Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 11(4), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825dabb8
  45. Yack, H. J., Collins, C. E. & Whieldon, T. J. (1993). Comparison of closed and open kinetic chain exercise in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 21(1), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659302100109