Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure

Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering (응용생태공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of β-glucan and Xanthan gum-based Biopolymers on Plant Growth and Competition in the Riverbank

제방 환경 조건에서 베타글루칸-잔탄검 계열 바이오폴리머가 식물 생장 및 경쟁에 미치는 영향

  • Jeong, Hyungsoon (School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Shin, Haeji (School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Jang, Ha-young (School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kim, Eunsuk (School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
  • 정형순 (광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부) ;
  • 신혜지 (광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부) ;
  • 장하영 (광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부) ;
  • 김은석 (광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부)
  • Received : 2020.09.15
  • Accepted : 2020.09.24
  • Published : 2020.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A biopolymer based on microorganism-derived β-glucan and xanthan gum is being studied as a new eco-friendly material that stabilizes the riverbank slope, and also promotes vegetation growth. However, it is still inconclusive whether biopolymers have a positive effect on plant performance in the riverbanks which are subjected to various climatic factors and plant competitions. For a practical ecological evaluation of the biopolymers, their effect on plant growth promotion was studied in a natural environment. Considering the relationship between competition and plant community formation, the effects of biopolymers on competition were also investigated. For four plant species (Echinochloa crus-galli, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Leonurus japonicus, and Coreopsis lanceolata), the biopolymer effects under intra/interspecific competition were tested at the riverbank (20 m × 10 m) near Samjigyo Bridge in Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do. A biopolymer powder was mixed with water and commercial soil following the manufacturer's recommendations. The soil mixed with the biopolymer was filled in a pot or applied to the surface of the commercial soil with a thickness of 3 cm. Across the competition treatments, the biopolymer treatment promoted root growth of the target plant species and decreased the specific leaf area. The total biomass and shoot dry weight of P. alopecuroides increased in response to the biopolymer treatment. The competition treatment decreased the total biomass and shoot dry weight compared to the case without competition. Notably, such a competitive effect was similar in all the biopolymer treatments. Thus, biopolymers, when mixed with soil, promote the growth of some plant species, but do not appear to affect the competitive ability of plants.

최근 미생물 유래 베타클루칸과 잔탄검을 주성분으로 하는 바이오폴리머는 제방 사면을 안정화할 뿐 만 아니라, 하천 식생의 생장을 촉진하는 친환경 신소재로 활발히 연구되고 있다. 그러나 다양한 환경요인과 개체간 경쟁관계가 존재하는 제방 환경에서 바이오폴리머가 식물 군집에 주는 영향은 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바이오폴리머의 실제적인 생태성 평가를 목적으로, 바이오폴리머가 식물 생장 촉진에 미치는 영향을 제방 환경에서 확인하고, 경쟁관계가 식물 군집 형성에 미치는 영향을 고려하여 경쟁조건에 따른 바이오폴리머 효과도 조사하였다. 연구 목적을 위하여 4종의 식물종 (돌피, 수크령, 익모초 그리고 큰금계국)을 대상으로 전라남도 담양군 삼지교 부근의 자연 제방 (20 m × 10 m)에서 종내/종간 경쟁 조건에 따른 바이오폴리머 효과를 실험하였다. 바이오폴리머 처리는 바이오폴리머 분말, 물, 일반 상토를 일정 비율로 혼합한 바이오폴리머 혼합토를 화분에 채우거나 일반상토 화분의 표면에 3 cm 두께로 도포하는 방법이 사용되었다. 경쟁 조건과 관계없이 바이오폴리머 처리로 대상 식물종들의 뿌리 생육이 촉진되었고 잎의 건중량 대비 엽면적이 감소하였다, Ehgks 수크령의 총 생물량과 지상부 건중량이 증가하였다. 대상종들의 총생물량과 지상부 건중량은 경쟁조건에서 대조구에 비해 감소하였지만, 이러한 경쟁 효과는 모든 바이오폴리머 처리군에서 유사하게 나타났다. 따라서 바이오폴리머는 토양과 혼합되었을 때 일부 식물종의 생장을 촉진시키지만, 식물의 경쟁능력에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

  1. Altman, N. and Krzywinski, M. 2015. Points of significance: split plot design. Nature Methods 12(3): 165. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3293
  2. An, J.H., Jeong, H., and Kim, E. 2018. Effects of the ${\beta}$ - Glucan- and Xanthan gum-based biopolymer on the performance of plants inhabiting in the riverbank. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 5: 180-188. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2018.5.3.180
  3. Brooker, R., Kikvidze, Z., Pugnaire, F.I., Callaway, R.M., Choler, P., Lortie, C.J., and Michalet, R. 2005. The importance of importance. Oikos 109: 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13557.x
  4. Chang, I. and Cho, G.C. 2012. Strengthening of Korean residual soil with ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan biopolymer. Construction and Building Materials 30: 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.030
  5. Chang, I., Prasidhi, A.K., Im, J., Shin, H.D., and Cho, G.C. 2015. Soil treatment using microbial biopolymers for anti-desertification purposes. Geoderma 253-254: 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.006
  6. Chang, Y.J., Lee, S., Yoo, M.A., and Lee, H.G. 2006. Structural and biological characterization of sulfatedderivatized oat ${\beta}$-glucan. Journal of Agricutural and Food Chemistry 54: 3815-3818. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060243w
  7. Cho, S.R., Kim, J.H., and Shim, S.R. 2015. Pratical use of several ground covers on a slope revegetation construction - Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Festuca arundinacea, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Zoysia japonica -. Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 18(3): 97-107. (in Korean)
  8. Choi, H.S. and Lee, W.H. 2011. Analysis of the erosion characteristics with root fiber of a vegetated levee revetment. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 44(6): 487-495. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2011.44.6.487
  9. Dang, J.H., Cho, Y.H., and Lee, C.S. 2017. Effect of soil reinforcement on shear strength by Pennisetum alopecuroides and Miscanthus sinensis roots on loamy sand at river bank. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 20: 79-91. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2017.20.2.79
  10. Evette, A., Labonne, S., Rey, F., Liebault, F., Jancke, O., and Girel, J. 2009. History of bioengineering techniques for erosion control in rivers in Western Europe. Environmental Management 43: 972-984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9275-y
  11. Jeong, H., Jang, H.Y., Ahn, S.J., and Kim, E. 2019. ${\beta}$ -Glucan-and xanthan gum-based biopolymer stimulated the growth of dominant plant species in the Korean riverbanks. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 6(3): 163-170. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2019.6.3.163
  12. Kang, H., Lee, Y.S., and Jeon, S.H. 2011. A study on the evaluation method of ecologically fragmented section for restoration of the riverine ecobelt. Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers 31(4B), 383-391. https://doi.org/10.12652/KSCE.2011.31.4B.383
  13. Kim, T.G., Chae, S.K., Chun, S.H., and Jeong, J.C. 2012. A study of pull-out strength increasement by root of grasses, Journal of Wetlands Research 14(2): 199-210. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2012.14.2.199
  14. Ko, D. and Kang, J. 2018. Experimental studies on the stability assessment of a levee using reinforced soil based on a biopolymer. Water 10: 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10081059
  15. Lamb, E.G. and Cahill Jr, J.F. 2008. When competition does not matter: grassland diversity and community composition. The American Naturalist 171(6): 777-787. https://doi.org/10.1086/587528
  16. Lee, C.W., Kim, D., Cho, H., and Lee, H. 2015a. The riparian vegetation disturbed by two invasive alien plants, Sicyos angulatus and Paspalum distichum var. indutum in South Korea. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 2(3): 255-263. https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2015.2.3.255
  17. Lee, Y.H., Byun, J.Y., Na, C.S., Kim, T.W., Kim, J.G., and Hong, S.H. 2015b. Moisture sorption isotherms of four Echinochloa species seeds. Weed & Turfgrass Science 4: 111-117. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2015.4.2.111
  18. Lim, H.G., Kim, H.S., Lee, H.S., Sin, J.H., Kim, E.S., Woo, H.S. and Ahn, S.J. 2018. Amended soil with biopolymer positively affects the growth of Camelina sativa L. under drought stress. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 5(3): 163-173 (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2018.5.3.163
  19. Liu, F. and Stutzel, H. 2004. Biomass partitioning, specific leaf area, and water use efficiency of vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) in response to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae 102(1): 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2003.11.014
  20. Okuda, S. and Sasaki, Y. 1996. Stream environment and riparian plants: conservation and aintenance of vegetation. Tokyo: Soft Science. pp. 142-162. (in Japanese)
  21. Perez-Harguindeguy, N., Diaz, S., Garnier, E., Lavorel, S., Poorter, H., Jaureguiberry, P., Bret-Harte, M.S., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J.M., Gurvich, D.E., Urcelay, C., Veneklaas, E.J., Reich, P.B., Poorter, L., Wright, I.J., Ray, P., Enrico, L., Pausas, J.G., de Vos, A.C., Buchmann, N., Funes, G., Quetier, F., Hodgson, J.G., Thompson, K., Morgan, H.D., ter Steege, H., Sack, L., Blonder, B., Poschlod, P., Vaieretti, M.V., Conti, G., Staver A.C., Aquino S., and Cornelissen, J.H.C. 2016. Corrigendum to: new handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of botany 64(8): 715-716. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT12225_CO
  22. Pierik, R., Mommer, L., and Voesenek, L.A. 2013. Molecular mechanisms of plant competition: neighbour detection and response strategies. Functional Ecology 27(4): 841-853. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12010
  23. R Core Team. 2016. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org.
  24. Seo, S., Jin, S., Chang, I., and Chung, M. 2019. The analysis of effect of biopolymer treated soils in seed spray method in the river embankment. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 6(4): 304-313. https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2019.6.4.304
  25. Sultan, S.E. 2000. Phenotypic plasticity for plant development, function and life history. Trends in Plant Science 5: 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01797-0
  26. Welden, C.W. and Slauson, W.L. 1986. The intensity of competition versus its importance: an overlooked distinction and some implications. Quarterly Review of Biology 61: 23-44. https://doi.org/10.1086/414724
  27. Wilson, P.J., Thompson, K.E.N., and Hodgson, J.G. 1999. Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies. The New Phytologist 143: 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00427.x
  28. Yang, H.M. 2014. Community formation comparison of herbaceous perennials planted on urban stream levee slope. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 42(1): 133-148. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2014.42.1.133