참고문헌
- Andersson-Sjoland, A., Karlsson, J.C., and Rydell-Tormanen, K. (2016). ROS-induced endothelial stress contributes to pulmonary fibrosis through pericytes and Wnt signaling. Lab. Invest. 96, 206-217. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2015.100
- Ardhanareeswaran, K. and Mirotsou, M. (2013). Lung stem and progenitor cells. Respiration 85, 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1159/000346500
- Barkauskas, C.E., Cronce, M.J., Rackley, C.R., Bowie, E.J., Keene, D.R., Stripp, B.R., Randell, S.H., Noble, P.W., and Hogan, B.L. (2013). Type 2 alveolar cells are stem cells in adult lung. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 3025-3036. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI68782
- Barker, N., Tan, S., and Clevers, H. (2013). Lgr proteins in epithelial stem cell biology. Development 140, 2484-2494. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.083113
- Basil, M.C., Katzen, J., Engler, A.E., Guo, M., Herriges, M.J., Kathiriya, J.J., Windmueller, R., Ysasi, A.B., Zacharias, W.J., Chapman, H.A., et al. (2020). The cellular and physiological basis for lung repair and regeneration: past, present, and future. Cell Stem Cell 26, 482-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.009
- Bowden, D.H., Davies, E., and Wyatt, J.P. (1968). Cytodynamics of pulmonary alveolar cells in the mouse. Arch. Pathol. 86, 667-670.
- Brechbuhl, H.M., Ghosh, M., Smith, M.K., Smith, R.W., Li, B., Hicks, D.A., Cole, B.B., Reynolds, P.R., and Reynolds, S.D. (2011). Beta-catenin dosage is a critical determinant of tracheal basal cell fate determination. Am. J. Pathol. 179, 367-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.016
- Chae, W.J. and Bothwell, A.L.M. (2018). Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in immune cells. Trends Immunol. 39, 830-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2018.08.006
-
Chapman, H.A., Li, X., Alexander, J.P., Brumwell, A., Lorizio, W., Tan, K., Sonnenberg, A., Wei, Y., and Vu, T.H. (2011). Integrin
${\alpha}6{\beta}4$ identifies an adult distal lung epithelial population with regenerative potential in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 2855-2862. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI57673 - Chen, F. and Fine, A. (2016). Stem cells in lung injury and repair. Am. J. Pathol. 186, 2544-2550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.023
- Desai, T.J., Brownfield, D.G., and Krasnow, M.A. (2014). Alveolar progenitor and stem cells in lung development, renewal and cancer. Nature 507, 190-194. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12930
- Flozak, A.S., Lam, A.P., Russell, S., Jain, M., Peled, O.N., Sheppard, K.A., Beri, R., Mutlu, G.M., Budinger, G.R., and Gottardi, C.J. (2010). Beta-catenin/T-cell factor signaling is activated during lung injury and promotes the survival and migration of alveolar epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 3157-3167. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.070326
- Frank, D.B., Peng, T., Zepp, J.A., Snitow, M., Vincent, T.L., Penkala, I.J., Cui, Z., Herriges, M.J., Morley, M.P., Zhou, S., et al. (2016). Emergence of a wave of Wnt signaling that regulates lung alveologenesis by controlling epithelial self-renewal and differentiation. Cell Rep. 17, 2312-2325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.001
- Giangreco, A., Lu, L., Vickers, C., Teixeira, V.H., Groot, K.R., Butler, C.R., Ilieva, E.V., George, P.J., Nicholson, A.G., Sage, E.K., et al. (2012). Beta-catenin determines upper airway progenitor cell fate and preinvasive squamous lung cancer progression by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J. Pathol. 226, 575-587. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.3962
- Guha, A., Deshpande, A., Jain, A., Sebastiani, P., and Cardoso, W.V. (2017). Uroplakin 3a(+) cells are a distinctive population of epithelial progenitors that contribute to airway maintenance and post-injury repair. Cell Rep. 19, 246-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.051
- Hogan, B. and Tata, P.R. (2019). Cellular organization and biology of the respiratory system. Nat. Cell Biol. 2019 Jul 25 [Epub]. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41556-019-0357-7
- Hogan, B.L., Barkauskas, C.E., Chapman, H.A., Epstein, J.A., Jain, R., Hsia, C.C., Niklason, L., Calle, E., Le, A., Randell, S.H., et al. (2014). Repair and regeneration of the respiratory system: complexity, plasticity, and mechanisms of lung stem cell function. Cell Stem Cell 15, 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2014.07.012
- Hung, L.Y., Sen, D., Oniskey, T.K., Katzen, J., Cohen, N.A., Vaughan, A.E., Nieves, W., Urisman, A., Beers, M.F., Krummel, M.F., et al. (2019). Macrophages promote epithelial proliferation following infectious and non-infectious lung injury through a Trefoil factor 2-dependent mechanism. Mucosal Immunol. 12, 64-76. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-018-0096-2
- Hussain, M., Xu, C., Lu, M., Wu, X., Tang, L., and Wu, X. (2017). Wnt/betacatenin signaling links embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1863, 3226-3242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.031
- Jain, R., Barkauskas, C.E., Takeda, N., Bowie, E.J., Aghajanian, H., Wang, Q., Padmanabhan, A., Manderfield, L.J., Gupta, M., Li, D., et al. (2015). Plasticity of Hopx(+) type I alveolar cells to regenerate type II cells in the lung. Nat. Commun. 6, 6727. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7727
- Kahn, M. (2018). Wnt signaling in stem cells and cancer stem cells: a tale of two coactivators. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 153, 209-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.007
- Kathiriya, J.J., Brumwell, A.N., Jackson, J.R., Tang, X., and Chapman, H.A. (2020). Distinct airway epithelial stem cells hide among club cells but mobilize to promote alveolar regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 26, 346-358.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2019.12.014
- Kauffman, S.L. (1980). Cell proliferation in the mammalian lung. Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 22, 131-191.
- Kim, C.F., Jackson, E.L., Woolfenden, A.E., Lawrence, S., Babar, I., Vogel, S., Crowley, D., Bronson, R.T., and Jacks, T. (2005). Identification of bronchioalveolar stem cells in normal lung and lung cancer. Cell 121, 823-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.03.032
- Kim, H.T., Yin, W., Nakamichi, Y., Panza, P., Grohmann, B., Buettner, C., Guenther, S., Ruppert, C., Kobayashi, Y., Guenther, A., et al. (2019). WNT/RYK signaling restricts goblet cell differentiation during lung development and repair. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116, 25697-25706. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911071116
- Kumar, P.A., Hu, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Hoe, N.B., Wei, T.S., Mu, D., Sun, Y., Joo, L.S., Dagher, R., Zielonka, E.M., et al. (2011). Distal airway stem cells yield alveoli in vitro and during lung regeneration following H1N1 influenza infection. Cell 147, 525-538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.001
- Lee, J.H. and Rawlins, E.L. (2018). Developmental mechanisms and adult stem cells for therapeutic lung regeneration. Dev. Biol. 433, 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.016
- Lee, J.H., Tammela, T., Hofree, M., Choi, J., Marjanovic, N.D., Han, S., Canner, D., Wu, K., Paschini, M., Bhang, D.H., et al. (2017). Anatomically and functionally distinct lung mesenchymal populations marked by Lgr5 and Lgr6. Cell 170, 1149-1163.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.028
- Liu, A., Chen, S., Cai, S., Dong, L., Liu, L., Yang, Y., Guo, F., Lu, X., He, H., Chen, Q., et al. (2014). Wnt5a through noncanonical Wnt/JNK or Wnt/PKC signaling contributes to the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into type II alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. PLoS One 9, e90229. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090229
- Liu, Q., Liu, K., Cui, G., Huang, X., Yao, S., Guo, W., Qin, Z., Li, Y., Yang, R., Pu, W., et al. (2019). Lung regeneration by multipotent stem cells residing at the bronchioalveolar-duct junction. Nat. Genet. 51, 728-738. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0346-6
- Lynch, T.J., Anderson, P.J., Rotti, P.G., Tyler, S.R., Crooke, A.K., Choi, S.H., Montoro, D.T., Silverman, C.L., Shahin, W., Zhao, R., et al. (2018). Submucosal gland myoepithelial cells are reserve stem cells that can regenerate mouse tracheal epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 22, 653-667.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.017
- Majidinia, M., Aghazadeh, J., Jahanban-Esfahlani, R., and Yousefi, B. (2018). The roles of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in tissue development and regenerative medicine. J. Cell. Physiol. 233, 5598-5612. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26265
- Mercer, R.R., Russell, M.L., Roggli, V.L., and Crapo, J.D. (1994). Cell number and distribution in human and rat airways. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 10, 613-624. https://doi.org/10.1165/ajrcmb.10.6.8003339
- Meyerholz, D.K., Suarez, C.J., Dintzis, S.M., and Frevert, C.W. (2018). Chapter 9-Respiratory system. In Comparative Anatomy and Histology (2nd Edition), P.M. Treuting, S.M. Dintzis, and K.S. Montine, eds. (San Diego: Academic Press), pp. 147-162.
- Nabhan, A.N., Brownfield, D.G., Harbury, P.B., Krasnow, M.A., and Desai, T.J. (2018). Single-cell Wnt signaling niches maintain stemness of alveolar type 2 cells. Science (New York, NY) 359, 1118-1123. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam6603
- Nusse, R. and Clevers, H. (2017). Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, disease, and emerging therapeutic modalities. Cell 169, 985-999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.016
- Oeztuerk-Winder, F., Guinot, A., Ochalek, A., and Ventura, J.J. (2012). Regulation of human lung alveolar multipotent cells by a novel p38alpha MAPK/miR-17-92 axis. EMBO J. 31, 3431-3441. https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2012.192
- Olajuyin, A.M., Zhang, X., and Ji, H.L. (2019). Alveolar type 2 progenitor cells for lung injury repair. Cell Death Discov. 5, 63. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-019-0147-9
- Raslan, A.A. and Yoon, J.K. (2019). R-spondins: multi-mode WNT signaling regulators in adult stem cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 106, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2018.11.005
- Rawlins, E.L., Okubo, T., Xue, Y., Brass, D.M., Auten, R.L., Hasegawa, H., Wang, F., and Hogan, B.L. (2009). The role of Scgb1a1+ Clara cells in the long-term maintenance and repair of lung airway, but not alveolar, epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 4, 525-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2009.04.002
- Rieger, M.E., Zhou, B., Solomon, N., Sunohara, M., Li, C., Nguyen, C., Liu, Y., Pan, J.H., Minoo, P., Crandall, E.D., et al. (2016). p300/beta-catenin interactions regulate adult progenitor cell differentiation downstream of WNT5a/protein kinase C (PKC). J. Biol. Chem. 291, 6569-6582. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.706416
- Rock, J.R. and Hogan, B.L. (2011). Epithelial progenitor cells in lung development, maintenance, repair, and disease. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 27, 493-512. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100109-104040
- Rock, J.R., Onaitis, M.W., Rawlins, E.L., Lu, Y., Clark, C.P., Xue, Y., Randell, S.H., and Hogan, B.L. (2009). Basal cells as stem cells of the mouse trachea and human airway epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 12771-12775. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906850106
- Rock, J.R., Randell, S.H., and Hogan, B.L. (2010). Airway basal stem cells: a perspective on their roles in epithelial homeostasis and remodeling. Dis. Model. Mech. 3, 545-556. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.006031
- Ruiz, E.J., Oeztuerk-Winder, F., and Ventura, J.J. (2014). A paracrine network regulates the cross-talk between human lung stem cells and the stroma. Nat. Commun. 5, 3175. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4175
- Salwig, I., Spitznagel, B., Vazquez-Armendariz, A.I., Khalooghi, K., Guenther, S., Herold, S., Szibor, M., and Braun, T. (2019). Bronchioalveolar stem cells are a main source for regeneration of distal lung epithelia in vivo. EMBO J. 38, e102099.
- Schindler, A.J., Watanabe, A., and Howell, S.B. (2018). LGR5 and LGR6 in stem cell biology and ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 9, 1346-1355. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20178
- Skronska-Wasek, W., Gosens, R., Konigshoff, M., and Baarsma, H.A. (2018). WNT receptor signalling in lung physiology and pathology. Pharmacol. Ther. 187, 150-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.009
- Song, H., Yao, E., Lin, C., Gacayan, R., Chen, M.H., and Chuang, P.T. (2012). Functional characterization of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in lung development, injury, and tumorigenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 17531-17536. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207238109
- Spurlin, J.W., 3rd and Nelson, C.M. (2017). Building branched tissue structures: from single cell guidance to coordinated construction. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 372, 20150527. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0527
- Stabler, C.T. and Morrisey, E.E. (2017). Developmental pathways in lung regeneration. Cell Tissue Res. 367, 677-685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-016-2537-0
- Steinhart, Z. and Angers, S. (2018). Wnt signaling in development and tissue homeostasis. Development 145, dev146589. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.146589
- Tanjore, H., Degryse, A.L., Crossno, P.F., Xu, X.C., McConaha, M.E., Jones, B.R., Polosukhin, V.V., Bryant, A.J., Cheng, D.S., Newcomb, D.C., et al. (2013). Beta-catenin in the alveolar epithelium protects from lung fibrosis after intratracheal bleomycin. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 187, 630-639. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201205-0972OC
- Tata, P.R., Mou, H., Pardo-Saganta, A., Zhao, R., Prabhu, M., Law, B.M., Vinarsky, V., Cho, J.L., Breton, S., Sahay, A., et al. (2013). Dedifferentiation of committed epithelial cells into stem cells in vivo. Nature 503, 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12777
- Tata, P.R. and Rajagopal, J. (2017). Plasticity in the lung: making and breaking cell identity. Development 144, 755-766. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.143784
- Vaughan, A.E., Brumwell, A.N., Xi, Y., Gotts, J.E., Brownfield, D.G., Treutlein, B., Tan, K., Tan, V., Liu, F.C., Looney, M.R., et al. (2015). Lineage-negative progenitors mobilize to regenerate lung epithelium after major injury. Nature 517, 621-625. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14112
- Volckaert, T., Campbell, A., and De Langhe, S. (2013). c-Myc regulates proliferation and Fgf10 expression in airway smooth muscle after airway epithelial injury in mouse. PLoS One 8, e71426. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071426
- Volckaert, T., Dill, E., Campbell, A., Tiozzo, C., Majka, S., Bellusci, S., and De Langhe, S.P. (2011). Parabronchial smooth muscle constitutes an airway epithelial stem cell niche in the mouse lung after injury. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 4409-4419. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI58097
- Wansleeben, C., Barkauskas, C.E., Rock, J.R., and Hogan, B.L. (2013). Stem cells of the adult lung: their development and role in homeostasis, regeneration, and disease. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Dev. Biol. 2, 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.58
- Wu, X., van Dijk, E.M., Ng-Blichfeldt, J.P., Bos, I.S.T., Ciminieri, C., Konigshoff, M., Kistemaker, L.E.M., and Gosens, R. (2019). Mesenchymal WNT-5A/5B signaling represses lung alveolar epithelial progenitors. Cells 8, 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8101147
- Xi, Y., Kim, T., Brumwell, A.N., Driver, I.H., Wei, Y., Tan, V., Jackson, J.R., Xu, J., Lee, D.K., Gotts, J.E., et al. (2017). Local lung hypoxia determines epithelial fate decisions during alveolar regeneration. Nat. Cell Biol. 19, 904-914. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3580
- Yao, E., Lin, C., Wu, Q., Zhang, K., Song, H., and Chuang, P.T. (2018). Notch signaling controls transdifferentiation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in response to lung injury. Stem Cells 36, 377-391. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.2744
- Zacharias, W.J., Frank, D.B., Zepp, J.A., Morley, M.P., Alkhaleel, F.A., Kong, J., Zhou, S., Cantu, E., and Morrisey, E.E. (2018). Regeneration of the lung alveolus by an evolutionarily conserved epithelial progenitor. Nature 555, 251-255. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25786
- Zemke, A.C., Teisanu, R.M., Giangreco, A., Drake, J.A., Brockway, B.L., Reynolds, S.D., and Stripp, B.R. (2009). beta-Catenin is not necessary for maintenance or repair of the bronchiolar epithelium. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 41, 535-543. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2008-0407OC
- Zepp, J.A., Zacharias, W.J., Frank, D.B., Cavanaugh, C.A., Zhou, S., Morley, M.P., and Morrisey, E.E. (2017). Distinct mesenchymal lineages and niches promote epithelial self-renewal and myofibrogenesis in the lung. Cell 170, 1134-1148.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.034
- Zhang, Y., Goss, A.M., Cohen, E.D., Kadzik, R., Lepore, J.J., Muthukumaraswamy, K., Yang, J., DeMayo, F.J., Whitsett, J.A., Parmacek, M.S., et al. (2008). A Gata6-Wnt pathway required for epithelial stem cell development and airway regeneration. Nat. Genet. 40, 862-870. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.157
- Zuo, W., Zhang, T., Wu, D.Z., Guan, S.P., Liew, A.A., Yamamoto, Y., Wang, X., Lim, S.J., Vincent, M., Lessard, M., et al. (2015). p63(+)Krt5(+) distal airway stem cells are essential for lung regeneration. Nature 517, 616-620. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13903
피인용 문헌
- Anastral Spindle 3/Rotatin Stabilizes Sol narae and Promotes Cell Survival in Drosophila melanogaster vol.44, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2020.0244
- Human-Based Advanced in vitro Approaches to Investigate Lung Fibrosis and Pulmonary Effects of COVID-19 vol.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.644678
- The History and Mystery of Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells: Focus on Their Physiologic and Pathologic Role in Lung vol.22, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052566
- Attenuation of clinical and immunological outcomes during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by ivermectin vol.13, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202114122