DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Research on Positive Psychological Capitals of the Elderly Physical Director for the Activation of the Elderly Sports

노인체육 활성화를 위한 노인체육지도자의 긍정심리자본에 관한 연구

  • 손지영 (용인대학교 스포츠레저학과)
  • Received : 2019.11.22
  • Accepted : 2020.01.28
  • Published : 2020.01.31

Abstract

To identify the influence of senior sports instructor's positive psychological capital on organizational performance, job engagement, and innovative behavior, this study conducted a research on 227 senior sports instructors at 5 sports centers and senior sports centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon regions. The research results were as follows. First, positive psychological capital of senior sports instructors had a significant influence on all sub-factors of organizational performance. Secondly, positive psychological capital of senior sports instructors had a significant influence on all sub-factors of job engagement. Third, positive psychological capital of senior sports instructors had a significant influence on innovative behavior. Thus, this study verified that positive psychological capital is an important variable for enhancing organization performance, job engagement, and innovative behavior of group members. In addition, this study holds a great significance in proving positive psychological capital's positive influence on working environment of senior sports instructors.

본 연구는 노인체육지도자의 긍정심리자본이 조직성과와 직무열의 및 혁신행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 서울, 경기, 인천 지역의 스포츠센터 및 노인체육센터 5곳의 노인체육지도자 227명을 대상으로 연구하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 노인체육지도자의 긍정심리자본은 조직성과의 모든 하위요인에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 노인체육지도자의 긍정심리자본은 직무열의의 모든 하위요인에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 노인체육지도자의 긍정심리자본은 혁신행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과, 긍정심리자본은 조직원들의 조직성과와 직무열의 및 혁신행동을 높여주는 중요한 변수임을 확인하였고 긍정심리자본이 노인체육지도자의 근무환경에 긍정적인 효과가 있다는 것을 입증한 데 큰 의의가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. S-Y. Kwon, An Effect of Elderly Gym Program on Elderly Loneliness and Life Satisfaction, DaeGu Haany University, 2019.
  2. 통계청, 고령자 통계, 2019.
  3. S-H. Park, Phenomenological Approach to Physical Activity Experience of the Elderly Participating in the Health Exercise Program, MyongJi University, 2019.
  4. D-J. Kim and T-H. Oh, Relationship Between Social Support, Health Promoting Behaviors and Happiness of Elderly People Participating in Physical Activity, Korea Society for Wellness, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 301-312, 2019. https://doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2019.02.14.1.317
  5. H-J. Moon and I-S. Lee, Gender-Based Comparison of Physical Activity Level of Older Korean Adults with Chronic Disease, Korean Gerontological Nursing Society, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 120-130, 2011.
  6. Y-N. Shin, Performence and Future Tasks of the Elderly Voucher Customized Exercise Service Project, KyungPook National University, 2019.
  7. H-I. Kim, The Effects of Silver Generation's Sports Center Participation Motivation on Participation Satisfaction and Intention to Exercise Adherence, SookMyung Women's University, 2019.
  8. M-O. Lee, Structural Equation Modeling on Exercise Adherence in Middle-Aged Who Engage Regular Exercise, Seoul National University, 2013.
  9. Y-R. Jung, Sports for All Participation in Korea, Korea Sport Society, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 239-248, 2017.
  10. M-H. Huh and M-J. Lee, A Study on the Effect of Older Adults'Sports Activities on Empowerment: Ewploring the Extensibility of Senior Sports Instructors'Job Description, Public Policy Review, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 149-170, 2019. https://doi.org/10.17327/ippa.2019.33.2.006
  11. H-S. Kim, J-C. Joo and G. Kim, The Relationship Between the Trust on the Aged-Person-Covering Sports-for-All Leaders, Satisfaction on Lessons, Satisfaction on Guidance, and Continuous Participation of the Aged Persons Participating in Sports-for-All, Journal of Sports and Leisure Studies, Vol. 34, pp. 691-701, 2008. https://doi.org/10.51979/KSSLS.2008.11.34.691
  12. S-H. Lee, Y-S. Won and J-Y. Bae, Factors Attributed to Overcoming Constraints and Challenges for Instructors of Senior Lifestyle Exercise Classes, Korean Journal of Physical Education, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 267-280, 2014.
  13. Y-W. Kim, The Study of Correlations Between Working Environments and Satisfaction of the Instructors in Silver Sports, Pusan University of Foreign Studies, 2009.
  14. Y-M. Choi and G. Kim, Criterion Development for the Role of the Elderly Physical Activity Teacher: Centering Around the Teacher, Journal of Sports and Leisure Studies, Vol. 41, pp. 497-510, 2010. https://doi.org/10.51979/KSSLS.2010.08.41.497
  15. J-G. Park, J-H. Kim, S-Y. Kim, R-H. Lim and H-J. Choi, The Differences of the Satisfaction on Coaching, Cognition and Environment for P.E. Coaches for Elderly in Public, Journal of Sports and Leisure Studies, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 653-663, 2010. https://doi.org/10.51979/KSSLS.2010.11.42.653
  16. S-H. Kang and G. Kim, A Development of Role Scales Taken by Aged Person Sports Leaders: Centering on the Aged Persons Participating in Sports-for-All, Journal of Sports and Leisure Studies, Vol. 39, pp. 461-473, 2010. https://doi.org/10.51979/KSSLS.2010.02.39.461
  17. M-J. An, H-S. Kim, W-J. Kang and G, Kim, Construction of the Elderly Physical Training Teacher Role Template Based on Participational Desire of Physical Activities in Elderlies: Delphi Analysis, Q Method Theory Analysis, Journal of Sports and Leisure Studies, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 447-466, 2010. https://doi.org/10.51979/KSSLS.2010.08.41.447
  18. J-W. Cho, The Mediating Effects of Organizational Citizen Behavior on the Influencing Relationship Between Corporate Member's Positive Psychological Capital and the Organizational Effectiveness, ChungAng University, 2019.
  19. M-E-P. Seligman, Learned Optimism, New York Pocked Book, 1998.
  20. F. Luthans, B-J. Avolio, J-B. Avey and S-M. Norman, Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship with Performence and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 541-572, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
  21. F. Luthans and C-M. Youssef. Emerging Positive Organizational Behavior, Journal of Management, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 321-349, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307300814
  22. J-B. Avey, F. Luthans and S, Jensen, Psychological Capital: A Positive Resource for Combating Employee Stress and Turnover, Human Resource Management, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 677-693, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20294
  23. F-O. Walumbwa, S-J. Peterson, B-J. Avolio and C-A. Hatnell, An Investigation of the Relationships Among Leader and Follower Psychological Capital: Service Climate and Job Performance, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 937-963, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01193.x
  24. J-B. Avey, F. Luthans and C-M. Youssef, The Additive Value of Positive Psychological Capital in Predicting Work Attitudes and Behaviors, Journal of Management, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 430-452, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308329961
  25. J-Y. Kim and M-S. Kim, The Effects of Positive Psychological Capital on Employee Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment, Korea Association of Business Education, Vol. 67, pp. 117-148, 2011.
  26. S-H. Jang, A Study on the Effects of Organizational Structure & Culture to Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment, WonGwang University, 2010.
  27. S-J. Kwon, The Impact of Leaders Communication Styles on Job Performence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Focusing on the Mediation Effect of Positive Psychological Capital, Korea Knowledge Management Society, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 25-47, 2017.
  28. S-S. Kim, A Multi-Level Analysis on the Effects of Transformational Leadership and Positive Psychological Capital on Work Engagement: Focused on Care Workers of Homebound Long-Term Care, Seoul HanYoung University, 2018.
  29. W-B. Schaufeli, M. Salanova, V. Gonzalez-Roma and A. Bakker, The Measurement of Burnout and Engagement: A Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach, Journal of Happiness Studies, Vol. 3, pp. 71-92, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
  30. W-B. Schaufeli and M. Salanova, Efficacy or Inefficacy, That's the Question: Burnout and Engagement, and Their Relationships with Efficacy Beliefs, Anxiety, Coping & Stress, 2007.
  31. D. Xanthopoulou, A-B. Bakker, E. Demerouti and W-B. Schaufeli, Work Engagement and Financial Returns: A Diary Study on the Role of Job and Personal Resource. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 183-200, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X285633
  32. O-M. Karatepe and G. Karadas, Do Psychological Capital and Work Engagement Foster Frontline Employees' Satisfaction? A Study in the Hotel Industry, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 1254-1278, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2014-0028
  33. S-J. Jang, Effect on the Influence of Positive Psychological Capital and Motivation of Hotel Employees on Job Engagement, KyungKi University, 2019.
  34. J-Y. Kim, The Effect of Positive Psychological Capital and Job Engagement on Customer-Orientation of Employees, GaChon University, 2018.
  35. H-M. Lee, Structural Relationship Among Positive Psychological Capital, Perceived Organizational Support, Work Enagagement, and Innovative Behavior Among IT Sales Persons, ChungAng University, 2017.
  36. A-R. Oh and T-H. Lee, A Study on Employees'Positive Psychological Capital and Job Engagement and Job Behavior, The Journal of Professional Management, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 183-209, 2016.
  37. F. Yuan and R-W. Woodman, Innovative Behavior in the Work Place: The Role of Performance and Image Outcomes Expectations, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 323-342, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.49388995
  38. T-M. Amabile, Motivating Creativity in Organizations: On Doing What you do, California Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 39-58, 1997. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165921
  39. J-L. Farr and C-M. Ford, Individual Innovation in Innovation and Creativity at Work: Psychological and Organizational Strategies, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990.
  40. D. Katz and R-L. Kahn, Organizations and the System Concept, In Classics of Organization Theory, New York: Wiley, 1978.
  41. S-H. Kim, A Study on the Relationship Between Positive Psychological Capital and Learning Integrity and Innovation Behavior of R&D Research Institute, Korea University, 2018.
  42. J-G. Jung, The Relationship Between Superleadership and Innovation Behavior: Mediating Effects of Followership and Positive Psychological Capital, UlSan University, 2014.
  43. F. Luthans, W. Zhu and B-J. Avolio, The Impact of Efficacy on Work Attitudes Across Cultures, Journal of World Business, Vol. 41, pp. 121-132, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.003
  44. G-A. Brewer and S-C. Selden, Why Elephants Gallop: Assessing and Predicting Organizational Performance in Federal Agencies, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 685-712, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024287
  45. W-B. Schaufeli and A-B. Bakker, Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multy Sample Study, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 293-315, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
  46. S-G. Scott and R-A. Bruce, Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, pp. 1442-1465, 1994. https://doi.org/10.2307/256865
  47. C-M. Youssef, F. Luthans, Positive Organizational Behavior in the Workplace: The Impact of Hope, Optimism, and Resilience, Journal of Management, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 774-800, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307305562
  48. Y-D. Choi and D-S. Lee, Effects of Positive Psychological Capital, Korea Academy of Management, Vol. 2. No. 1, pp. 74-100, 2011.
  49. H-R. Lee, The Mediating Effects of Positive Psychological Capital on the Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Effectiveness: Focused on the University Staff in the Metropolitan Area, DanKook University, 2012.
  50. B-R. Joo, The Influence of Positive Psychological Capital and Organizational Immersion on Job Performance of Multinational Corporations, Korea University, 2012.
  51. S-H. Lee, The Relationship Between Organizational Virtue Perceived by Organizational Members and Job Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Positive Psychological Capital and Job Crafting, HongIk University, 2014.
  52. E-K. Shin, Y. Cha and J-G, Kim, Moderation Effects of Positive Psychological Capital in the Effects of Hotel Employees' SELF-Efficacy to Job Performance, Northeast Asia Tourism Reaearch, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2015.
  53. S-Y. Yang, Effects of Social Support on Service Staff's Job Performance Positive Psychological Capital, Creativity, KyungKi University, 2017.
  54. H-K. Kim, The Effect of Servant Leadership on Work Engagement: The Moderating Effect of Organizational Identity Strength and The Mediating Effect of Organizational Identification, Positive Psychological Capital, SoongSil University, 2019.
  55. A-R. Oh and K-K. Park, A Study on the Positive Psychological Capital and Job Engagement and Employees'Job Behavior, Korean Academy Society of Business Adiministration, Vol. 14, No. 8. pp. 1311-1344, 2014.
  56. A-B. Bakker and E. Demerouti, The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of the Art, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 309-328, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
  57. D-L. Coutu, How Resilience Works, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 80, pp. 46-55, 2002.
  58. H-R, Son. The Effect of Job Challenge and Job Hindrance on Job Burnout and Job Engagement: The Moderating Effect of Positive Psychological Capital, DaeGu University, 2018.
  59. M-J. Kim, A Mediating Effect of Positive Psychological Capital Among the Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Job Engagement of Sales Service Employee, KyungPook National University, 2018.
  60. J-M. Kang and J-O. Kwon, A Convergence Effect of Positive Psychological Capital and Psychological Well-Being on Work Engagement of Medium and Small Hospitals Nurses, Korea Convergence Society, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 89-99, 2017.
  61. H-G. Jung, Mediated Effect of Job Engagement in Relationship Between Positive Psychologycal Capital and Trunover Intention of the Event Worker, Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol. 16, No. 11, pp. 553-560, 2018. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2018.16.11.553
  62. J-S. Hong, Effect of Self-Leadership of Convalescent Hospital Employees on Innovative Behavior, DaeGu Haany University, 2017.
  63. S-B, Choi, Positive Psychological Capital and the Innovative: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Self-Leadership, Korean Association of Human Resource Development, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 165-187, 2018. https://doi.org/10.24991/KJHRD.2018.06.21.2.165
  64. F. Orfila-Sintes and J. Mattsson, Innovation Behavior in the Hotel Industry, Omega, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 380-394, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2007.04.002
  65. J-H. Han and H-S. Yang, Structural Relationships Between the Variables of Person-Environment Fit, Positive Psychological Capital and Innovative Work Behavior, Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol. 14, No. 10, pp. 225-240, 2016. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2016.14.10.225
  66. S-Y. Jung and J-Y. Jung, The Influence of Hotel Culinary Staff's Positive Psychological Capital in Intrinsic Motivation and Innovative Behavior of the Deluxe Hotel in Seoul, Korea Academic Society of Tourrism Management, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 335-351, 2017.
  67. S-D. Lee, S-H. Oh and S-W. Lee, The Effect of Authentic Leadership on Innovation Behavior and Job Satisfaction Through Positive Psychological Capital, The Quarterly Journal of Defense Policy Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 155-188, 2019. https://doi.org/10.22883/JDPS.2019.35.1.006
  68. S-G. Kim and K-Y. Ahn, The Effects of Psychological Capital on Innovation Behavior and Organizational Commitment, and the Moderating Effect of Organizational Support, The Korean Society of Business Venturing, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 245-254, 2018.