Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Biochemical Methane Potential of Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment Sludge for Energy-Independence of Sewage Treatment Plants

하수처리장 에너지 자립화를 위한 고도화학침전 슬러지의 메탄잠재력 평가

  • Chun, Minsun (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyoungho (Busan Environmental Corporation) ;
  • Bae, Hyokwan (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
  • 천민선 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 김형호 (부산환경공단) ;
  • 배효관 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2020.07.07
  • Accepted : 2020.07.30
  • Published : 2020.07.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

By introducing chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) in the first stage of sewage treatment, organic matter in sewage can be effectively recovered. Because CEPT sludge contains a high biodegradable organic matter in volatile solids (VS), it is feasible to convert the collected CEPT sludge into energy through anaerobic digestion. This study examined the properties and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of the CEPT sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant located in an ocean area. The CEPT sludge contains a VS content of 37,597 mg/L, which is higher than that of excessive sludge (ES), i.e., 33,352 mg-VS/L. In the methane generation reaction, the lag period was as short as 1 to 2 days. The BMP for the CEPT sludge was 0.57 ㎥-CH4/kg-VSremoved which is better than that of ES, i.e., 0.36 ㎥-CH4/kg-VSremoved. Unfortunately, the CEPT sludge showed a high salinity as 0.56~0.75% probably due to the saline sewage. Due to the salinity, repeated BMP testing in a sequencing batch reactor showed significantly low methane production rates and BMPs. Also, the ES showed a strongly reduced BMP when the salinity was adjusted from 0.20 to 0.70% by NaCl. The ES mixture with higher CEPT content showed a better BMP, which is suitable for co-digestion. Besides, anaerobic digestion for 100% CEPT sludge can be a considerable option instead of co-digestion.

Keywords

References

  1. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation (APHA, AWWA,WEF). (2005). Standard method for examination of water & wastewater, Health association Washington, D. C., USA.
  2. Bae, H. K. (2018). Recovering the energy potential of sewage as approach to energy self sufficient sewage treatment, Journal of Korean Society on water Environment, 34(1), 121-131 [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2017.34.1.121
  3. Bezirgiannidis, A., Plesia-Efstathopoulou, A., Ntougias, S., and Melidis, P. (2019). Combined chemically enhanced primary sedimentation and biofiltration process for low cost municipal wastewater treatment, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 54(12), 1227-1232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1633842
  4. Cabirol, N., Barragan, E. J., Duran, A., and Noyola, A. (2003). Effect of aluminium and sulphate on anaerobic digestion of sludge from wastewater enhanced primary treatment, Water Science and Technology, 48(6), 235-240. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0407
  5. Chakraborty, D., Karthikeyan, O. P., Selvam, A., and Wong, J. W. C. (2018). Co-digestion of food waste and chemically enhanced primary treated sludge in a continuous stirred tank reactor, Biomass and Bioenergy, 111, 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.06.002
  6. Chen, Y., Cheng, J. J., and Creamer, K. S. (2008). Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: A review, Bioresource Technology, 99(10), 4044-4064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.057
  7. Cho, J., Kim, H., and Oh, D. (2014). Characteristics for co-digestion of food waste and night soil using BMP test, Journal of the Korean Geoenvironmental Society, 15(9), 13-18. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2014.15.9.13
  8. Da Silva, C., Astals, S., Peces, M., Campos, J. L., and Guerrero, L. (2018). Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests: reducing test time by early parameter estimation, Waste Management, 71, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.009
  9. De Feo, G., Galasso, M., Landi, R., Donnarumma, A., and De Gisi, S. (2013). A comparison of the efficacy of organic and mixed-organic polymers with polyaluminium chloride in chemically assisted primary sedimentation (CAPS), Environmental Technology, 34(10), 1297-1305. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2012.745622
  10. Diamantis, V., Verstraete, W., Eftaxias, A., Bundervoet, B., Siegfried, V., Melidis, P., and Aivasidis, A. (2013). Sewage pre-concentration for maximum recovery and reuse at decentralized level, Water Science and Technology, 67(6), 1188-1193. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.639
  11. Exall, K. and Marsalek, J. (2013). A coagulant survey for chemically enhanced primary treatment of synthetic CSOs, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 224(2), 1414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1414-z
  12. Feijoo, G., Soto, M., Mendez, R., and Lema, J. M. (1995). Sodium inhibition in the anaerobic digestion process: Antagonism and adaptation phenomena, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 17(2), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(94)00011-F
  13. Filer, J., Ding, H. H., and Chang, S. (2019). Biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay method for anaerobic digestion research, Water, 11(5), 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11050921
  14. Gu, J., Yang, Q., and Liu, Y. (2018). A novel strategy towards sustainable and stable nitritation-denitritation in an AB process for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment, Chemosphere, 193, 921-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.038
  15. Gong, W., Luo, L., Li, W., Luo, X., Liang, H., Ngo, H. H., and Guo, W. (2017). Using chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) as a pretreatment option for anaerobic digestate from cattle manure digestion system, Water, 9(7), 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9070487
  16. Gori, R., Giaccherini, F., Jiang, L. M., Sobhani, R., and Rosso, D. (2013). Role of primary sedimentation on plant-wide energy recovery and carbon footprint, Water Science and Technology, 68(4), 870-878. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.270
  17. Jang, H. M., Shin, J., Choi, S., Shin, S. G., Park, K. Y., Cho, J., and Kim, Y. M. (2017). Fate of antibiotic resistance genes in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge, Bioresource Technology, 244, 433-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.153
  18. Jing, H., Wang, Y., Lee, P. H., and Leu, S. Y. (2019). Substrate-related features to maximize bioenergy potential of chemical enhanced primary treatment sludge, Energy Procedia, 158, 926-933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.232
  19. Ju, F., Wang, Y., Lau, F. T. K., Fung, W. C., Huang, D., Xia, Y., and Zhang, T. (2016). Anaerobic digestion of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge and the microbial community structure, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100(20), 8975-8982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7730-2
  20. Khalid, A., Arshad, M., Anjum, M., Mahmood, T., and Dawson, L. (2011). The anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste, Waste Management, 31(8), 1737-1744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.03.021
  21. Kooijman, G., De Kreuk, M. K., and van Lier, J. B. (2017). Influence of chemically enhanced primary treatment on anaerobic digestion and dewaterability of waste sludge, Water Science and Technology, 76(7), 1629-1639. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.314
  22. Labatut, R. A., Angenent L. T., and Scott, N. R. (2011). Biochemical methane potential and biodegradability of complex organic substrates, Bioresource Technology, 102(3), 2255-2264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.035
  23. Maktabifard, M., Zaborowska, E., and Makinia, J. (2018). Achieving energy neutrality in wastewater treatment plants through energy savings and enhancing renewable energy production, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 17, 655-689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-018-9478-x
  24. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2017). Standard methods of water pollution examination, ES0403.1b, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  25. Mottet, A., Habouzit, F., and Steyer, J. P. (2014). Anaerobic digestion of marine microalgae in different salinity levels, Bioresource Technology, 158, 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.055
  26. Parkin, G. F. and Owen, W. F. (1986). Fundamentals of anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludges, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 112(5), 867-920. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1986)112:5(867)
  27. Shewa, W. A., Dong, T., Mu, W., Murray, K., and Dagnew, M. (2020). The impact of chemically enhanced primary treatment on the downstream liquid and solid train processes, Water Environment Research, 92(3), 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1170
  28. Shin S. G, Park B. C., Kim J. A., and Hwang S. H. (2007). Population synamics of methanogenes in a lab-scale anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge, Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 12, 61-65. [Korean Literature]
  29. Song, J., Kim, S., Lee, J., Koh, T., and Lee, T. (2010). Estimation of ultimate methane yields and biodegradability from urban stream sediments using BMP test, Journal of the Korean Geoenvironmental Society, 11(2), 33-42. [Korean Literature]
  30. Taboada-Santos, A., Lema, J. M., and Carballa, M. (2019). Energetic and economic assessment of sludge thermal hydrolysis in novel wastewater treatment plant configurations, Waste Management, 92, 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.003
  31. Unal, B., Perry, V. R., Sheth, M., Gomez-Alvarez, V., Chin, K. J., and Nusslein, K. (2012). Trace elements affect methanogenic activity and diversity in enrichments from subsurface coal bed produced water, Frontiers in Microbiology, 3, 175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00175
  32. Wan, J., Gu, J., Zhao, Q., and Liu, Y. (2016). COD capture: a feasible option towards energy self-sufficient domestic wastewater treatment, Scientific Reports, 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-016-0001-8
  33. Wang, H., Li, F., Keller, A. A., and Xu, R. (2009). Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) for removal of carbon and nutrients from municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Shanghai, Water Science and Technology, 60(7), 1803-1809. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.547
  34. Xu, G. R., Yan, Z. C., Wang, Y. C., and Wang, N. (2009). Recycle of alum recovered from water treatment sludge in chemically enhanced primary treatment, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161(2-3), 663-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.008
  35. Xu, G. R., Zhang, Y. P., and Gregory, J. (2006). Different pollutants removal efficiencies and pollutants distribution with particle size of wastewater treated by CEPT process, Water Practice and Technology, 1(3), wpt2006047. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2006.047
  36. Zhang, Q., Hu, J., and Lee, D. J. (2016). Biogas from anaerobic digestion processes: Research updates, Renewable Energy, 98, 108-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.029
  37. Zhang, Y., Alam, M. A., Kong, X., Wang, Z., Li, L., Sun, Y., and Yuan, Z. (2017). Effect of salinity on the microbial community and performance on anaerobic digestion of marine macroalgae, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 92(9), 2392-2399. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5246
  38. Zhao, J., Liu, Y., Wang, D., Chen, F., Li, X., Zeng, G., and Yang, Q. (2017). Potential impact of salinity on methane production from food waste anaerobic digestion, Waste Management, 67, 308-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.016