Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Association between assisted reproductive technology and autism spectrum disorders in Iran: a case-control study

  • Jenabi, Ensiyeh (Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Seyedi, Mahdieh (Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Hamzehei, Ronak (Clinical research Development Unit of Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Bashirian, Saeid (Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Rezaei, Mohammad (Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Razjouyan, Katayoon (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Khazaei, Salman (Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)
  • Received : 2020.01.08
  • Accepted : 2020.03.23
  • Published : 2020.09.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairments in social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication. Purpose: Determine the association between use of assisted reproduction technology (ART) and the risk of ASD among children. Methods: This case-control study included 300 participants (100 cases, 200 controls). The control group included women with a child aged 2-10 years without ASD, while the cases were women with a child aged 2-10 years with ASD. We used a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Stata ver. 14 at the 0.05 significance level. Results: In the univariate analysis, there was significant association between child sex, delivery mode, history of preterm delivery, history of using ART, and maternal age at child's birth and the risk of ASD. After the adjustment for other variables, this association was significant for male sex (2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-4.31; P=0.001) and history of using ART (4.03; 95% CI, 1.76-9.21; P=0.001). Therefore, after the adjustment for confounder variables, there was no significant association between ART and the risk of ASD among children (4.98; 95% CI, 0.91-27.30; P=0.065). Conclusion: After the adjustment for other variables, risk factors for ASD were male sex and history preterm delivery. Thus, there was no significant association between ART and the risk of ASD among children.

Keywords

References

  1. Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2008 Principal Investigators; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders--Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveill Summ 2012;61:1-19.
  2. Baxter AJ, Brugha TS, Erskine HE, Scheurer RW, Vos T, Scott JG. The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders. Psychol Med 2015;45:601-13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171400172X
  3. Bailey A, Phillips W, Rutter M. Autism: towards an integration of clinical, genetic, neuropsychological, and neurobiological perspectives. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996;37:89-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9630(95)00115-8
  4. Jenabi E, Bashirian S, Khazaei S. Association between neonatal jaundice and autism spectrum disorders among children: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 2020;63:8-13. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00815
  5. Jenabi E, Karami M, Khazaei S, Bashirian S. The association between preeclampsia and autism spectrum disorders among children: a metaanalysis. Korean J Pediatr 2019;62:126-30. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.07010
  6. Davidovitch M, Chodick G, Shalev V, Eisenberg VH, Dan U, Reichenberg A, et al. Infertility treatments during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in the offspring. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018;86:175-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.022
  7. Andersen AN, Goossens V, Gianaroli L, Felberbaum R, de Mouzon J, Nygren KG. Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2003. Results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Hum Reprod 2007;22:1513-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem053
  8. Lung FW, Shu BC, Chiang TL, Lin SJ. Twin-singleton influence on infant development: a national birth cohort study. Child Care Health Dev 2009;35:409-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00963.x
  9. Idring S, Magnusson C, Lundberg M, Ek M, Rai D, Svensson AC, et al. Parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorders: findings from a Swedish population-based cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2014;43:107-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt262
  10. Fountain C, Zhang Y, Kissin DM, Schieve LA, Jamieson DJ, Rice C, et al. Association between assisted reproductive technology conception and autism in California, 1997-2007. Am J Public Health 2015;105:963-71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302383
  11. Schieve LA, Drews-Botsch C, Harris S, Newschaffer C, Daniels J, DiGuiseppi C, et al. Maternal and paternal infertility disorders and treatments and autism spectrum disorder: findings from the study to explore early development. J Autism Dev Disord 2017;47:3994-4005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3283-1
  12. Lampi KM, Sourander A, Gissler M, Niemela S, Rehnstrom K, Pulkkinen E, et al. Brief report: validity of Finnish registry-based diagnoses of autism with the ADI-R. Acta Paediatr 2010;99:1425-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01835.x
  13. Rutter M, Le Couteur A, Lord C. Autism diagnostic interview-revised. Los Angeles (CA): Western Psychological Services, 2003.
  14. Hvidtjorn D, Grove J, Schendel D, Schieve LA, Svaerke C, Ernst E, et al. Risk of autism spectrum disorders in children born after assisted conception: a population-based follow-up study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011;65:497-502. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.093823
  15. Lyall K, Baker A, Hertz-Picciotto I, Walker CK. Infertility and its treatments in association with autism spectrum disorders: a review and results from the CHARGE study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013;10:3715-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10083715
  16. Pluchino N, Russo M, Genazzani AR. The fetal brain: role of progesterone and allopregnanolone. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016;27:29-34X. https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2016-0020
  17. Wang C, Geng H, Liu W, Zhang G. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e6696. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000006696
  18. Sandin S, Hultman CM, Kolevzon A, Gross R, MacCabe JH, Reichenberg A. Advancing maternal age is associated with increasing risk for autism: a review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;51:477-86.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.018

Cited by

  1. Assisted reproductive technology and its Association with autism in children vol.8, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-4285.319900
  2. Association of assisted reproductive technology with autism spectrum disorder in the offspring: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis vol.180, pp.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04187-9
  3. Association between small for gestational age and risk of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis vol.64, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01956