References
- Palasciano G, Portincasa P, Vinciguerra V, Velardi A, Tardi S, Baldassarre G, et al. Gallstone prevalence and gallbladder volume in children and adolescents: an epidemiological ultrasonographic survey and relationship to body mass index. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84:1378-82.
- Nomura H, Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, Kajiyama W, Ikematsu H, Noguchi A, et al. Prevalence of gallstone disease in a general population of Okinawa, Japan. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:598-605. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115007
- Wesdorp I, Bosman D, de Graaff A, Aronson D, van der Blij F, Taminiau J. Clinical presentations and predisposing factors of cholelithiasis and sludge in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;31:411-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200010000-00015
- Herzog D, Bouchard G. High rate of complicated idiopathic gallstone disease in pediatric patients of a North American tertiary care center. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:1544-8. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.1544
- Mehta S, Lopez ME, Chumpitazi BP, Mazziotti MV, Brandt ML, Fishman DS. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for symptomatic pediatric gallbladder disease. Pediatrics 2012;129:e82-8. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0579
- Di Ciaula A, Wang DQ, Wang HH, Bonfrate L, Portincasa P. Targets for current pharmacologic therapy in cholesterol gallstone disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2010;39:245-64, viii-ix. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.005
- Kaechele V, Wabitsch M, Thiere D, Kessler AL, Haenle MM, Mayer H, et al. Prevalence of gallbladder stone disease in obese children and adolescents: influence of the degree of obesity, sex, and pubertal development. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;42:66-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000187816.31213.06
- Waldhausen JH, Benjamin DR. Cholecystectomy is becoming an increasingly common operation in children. Am J Surg 1999;177:364-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(99)00063-X
- Miltenburg DM, Schaffer R 3rd, Breslin T, Brandt ML. Changing indications for pediatric cholecystectomy. Pediatrics 2000;105:1250-3. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.6.1250
- Balaguer EJ, Price MR, Burd RS. National trends in the utilization of cholecystectomy in children. J Surg Res 2006;134:68-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.02.053
- Bogue CO, Murphy AJ, Gerstle JT, Moineddin R, Daneman A. Risk factors, complications, and outcomes of gallstones in children: a single-center review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;50:303-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181b99c72
- Stringer MD. Gallbladder disease and cholelithiasis. In: Howard ER, Stringer MD, Colombani PM, eds. Surgery of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas in children. 2nd ed. London: Arnold Publishers, 2002:189-208.
- Serdaroglu F, Koca YS, Saltik F, Koca T, Dereci S, Akcam M, et al. Gallstones in childhood: etiology, clinical features, and prognosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;28:1468-72. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000000726
- Friesen CA, Roberts CC. Cholelithiasis. Clinical characteristics in children. Case analysis and literature review. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1989;28:294-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992288902800701
- Svensson J, Makin E. Gallstone disease in children. Semin Pediatr Surg 2012;21:255-65. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2012.05.008
- Chang YR, Jang JY, Kwon W, Park JW, Kang MJ, Ryu JK, et al. Changes in demographic features of gallstone disease: 30 years of surgically treated patients. Gut Liver 2013;7:719-24. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2013.7.6.719
- Jeong SU, Lee SK. Obesity and gallbladder diseases. Korean J Gastroenterol 2012;59:27-34. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2012.59.1.27
- Gracie WA, Ransohoff DF. The natural history of silent gallstones: the innocent gallstone is not a myth. N Engl J Med 1982;307:798-800. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198209233071305
- Della Corte C, Falchetti D, Nebbia G, Calacoci M, Pastore M, Francavilla R, et al. Management of cholelithiasis in Italian children: a national multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:1383-8. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.1383
- Tannuri AC, Leal AJ, Velhote MC, Gonlcalves ME, Tannuri U. Management of gallstone disease in children: a new protocol based on the experience of a single center. J Pediatr Surg 2012;47:2033-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.06.010
- Venneman NG, Buskens E, Besselink MG, Stads S, Go PM, Bosscha K, et al. Small gallstones are associated with increased risk of acute pancreatitis: potential benefits of prophylactic cholecystectomy? Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:2540-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00317.x
- Guarino MP, Cocca S, Altomare A, Emerenziani S, Cicala M. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in gallbladder disease, a story not yet completed. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:5029-34. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5029
- Roma MG, Toledo FD, Boaglio AC, Basiglio CL, Crocenzi FA, Sanchez Pozzi EJ. Ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestasis: linking action mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011;121:523-44. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20110184
- Lazaridis KN, Gores GJ, Lindor KD. Ursodeoxycholic acid 'mechanisms of action and clinical use in hepatobiliary disorders'. J Hepatol 2001;35:134-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00092-7
- Villanova N, Bazzoli F, Taroni F, Frabboni R, Mazzella G, Festi D, et al. Gallstone recurrence after successful oral bile acid treatment. A 12-year follow-up study and evaluation of long-term postdissolution treatment. Gastroenterology 1989;97:726-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(89)90644-6
- Portincasa P, Ciaula AD, Bonfrate L, Wang DQ. Therapy of gallstone disease: what it was, what it is, what it will be. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2012;3:7-20. https://doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v3.i2.7
- Tomida S, Abei M, Yamaguchi T, Matsuzaki Y, Shoda J, Tanaka N, et al. Long-term ursodeoxycholic acid therapy is associated with reduced risk of biliary pain and acute cholecystitis in patients with gallbladder stones: a cohort analysis. Hepatology 1999;30:6-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510300108
- Venneman NG, Besselink MG, Keulemans YC, Vanberge-Henegouwen GP, Boermeester MA, Broeders IA, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts no beneficial effect in patients with symptomatic gallstones awaiting cholecystectomy. Hepatology 2006;43:1276-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21182
- Khoo AK, Cartwright R, Berry S, Davenport M. Cholecystectomy in English children: evidence of an epidemic (1997-2012). J Pediatr Surg 2014;49:284-8, discussion 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.11.053
- National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement on gallstones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 1993;165:390-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(05)80929-8
- Scientific Committee of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (E.A.E.S.). Diagnosis and treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS). Results of a consensus development conference. Surg Endosc 1998;12:856-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004649900729
- Huguier M, Bornet P, Charpak Y, Houry S, Chastang C. Selective contraindications based on multivariate analysis for operative cholangiography in biliary lithiasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991;172:470-4.
- Taylor TV, Armstrong CP, Rimmer S, Lucas SB, Jeacock J, Gunn AA. Prediction of choledocholithiasis using a pocket microcomputer. Br J Surg 1988;75:138-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800750216
- Costi R, Sarli L, Caruso G, Iusco D, Gobbi S, Violi V, et al. Preoperative ultrasonographic assessment of the number and size of gallbladder stones: is it a useful predictor of asymptomatic choledochal lithiasis? J Ultrasound Med 2002;21:971-6. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2002.21.9.971
Cited by
- Biliary sludge: pathogenesis, etiology and drug therapy vol.93, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.02.200638