Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Foundation size effect on the efficiency of seismic base isolation using a layer of stone pebbles

  • Banovic, Ivan (University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy) ;
  • Radnic, Jure (University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy) ;
  • Grgic, Nikola (University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy)
  • Received : 2020.01.06
  • Accepted : 2020.08.06
  • Published : 2020.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The effect of the foundation size on the efficiency of seismic base isolation using a layer of stone pebbles is experimentally investigated. Four scaled models of buildings with different stiffnesses (from very stiff to soft) were tested, each with the so-called small and large foundation, and exposed to four different accelerograms (different predominant periods and durations). Tests were conducted so that the strains in the model remained elastic and afterwards the models were tested until collapse. Each model was tested for the case of the foundation being supported on a rigid base and on an aseismic layer. Compared to the smaller foundation, the larger foundation results in a reduced rocking effect, higher earthquake forces and lower bearing capacity of the tested models, with respectable efficiency (reduced strain/stress, displacement and increase of the ultimate bearing capacity of the model) for the considered seismic base isolation compared to the foundation on a rigid base.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work has been fully supported by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project "Seismic base isolation of a building by using natural materials - shake table testing and numerical modelling" [IP-06-2016-5325]. The work of doctoral student Ivan Banović has been fully supported by the "Young researchers' career development project - training of doctoral students" of the Croatian Science Foundation funded by the European Union from the European Social Fund. The authors are grateful for the support.

References

  1. Ambraseys, N., Smit, P., Sigbjornsson, R., Suhadolc, P. and Margaris, M. (2001), EVR1-CT-1999-40008, European Commission, Directorate-General XII, Environmental and Climate Programme, Brussels, Belgium
  2. Anastasopoulos, I., Loli, M., Georgarakos, T. and Drosos, V. (2012), "Shaking table testing of rocking-isolated bridge pier on sand", J. Earthq. Eng., 17(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.04.006.
  3. Azinovic, B., Kilar, V. and Koren, D. (2014), "The seismic response of low-energy buildings founded on a thermal insulation layer -a parametric study", Eng. Struct., 81, 398-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.015.
  4. Azinovic, B., Kilar, V. and Koren, D. (2016), "Energy-efficient solution for the foundation of passive houses in earthquake-prone regions", Eng. Struct., 112, 133-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.015.
  5. Azzam, W., Ayeldeen, M. and El Siragy, M. (2018), "Improving the structural stability during earthquakes using in-filled trench with EPS geofoam-numerical study", Arab. J. Geosci., 11(14), 395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3739-4.
  6. Bandyopadhyay, S., Sengupta, A. and Reddy, G.R. (2015), "Performance of sand and shredded rubber tire mixture as a natural base isolator for earthquake protection", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 14(4), 683-693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-015-0053-y.
  7. Banovic, I., Radnic, J. and Grgic, N. (2018b), "Shake table study on the efficiency of seismic base isolation using natural stone pebbles", Advan. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1012527, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1012527.
  8. Banovic, I., Radnic, J. and Grgic, N. (2019), "Geotechnical seismic isolation system based on sliding mechanism using stone pebble layer: shake-table experiments", Shock Vib., 9346232, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9346232.
  9. Banovic, I., Radnic, J., Grgic, N. and Matesan, D. (2018a), "The use of limestone sand for the seismic base isolation of structures", Advan. Civil Eng., https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9734283.
  10. Brunet, S., de la Llera, J.C. and Kausel, E. (2016), "Non-linear modeling of seismic isolation systems made of recycled tirerubber", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 85, 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.03.019.
  11. Carpani, B. (2017). Base isolation from a historical perspective. 16th World Conference on Earthquake, Paper $N^{\circ}$ 4934, Santiago, Chile
  12. Chung Y.L., Du L.J. and Pan H.H. (2019), "Performance evaluation of a rocking steel column base equipped with asymmetrical resistance friction damper", Earthq. Struct., 17(1), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.1.049.
  13. Doudoumis, I., Papadopoulos, P. and Papaliangas, T. (2002), "Low-cost base isolation system on artificial soil layers with low shearing resistance", Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, London, U.K.
  14. Eurocode (2004) EN 1998-1:2004 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium
  15. Feng, R., Chen, Y. and Cui, G. (2018), "Dynamic response of post-tensioned rocking wall-moment frames under near-fault ground excitation", Earthq. Struct., 15(3), 243-251. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.3.243.
  16. Forcellini, D. (2017), "Assessment on geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI) on bridge configurations", Innovat. Infrastruct. Solution., 2(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-017-0057-8.
  17. Hadad, H.A, Calabrese, A., Strano, S. and Serino, G. (2017), "A base isolation system for developing countries using discarded tyres filled with elastomeric recycled materials", J. Earthq. Eng., 21(2), 246-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1172371.
  18. Kalpakci, V., Bonab, A.T., Ozkan, M.Y. and Gulerce, Z. (2018), "Experimental evaluation of geomembrane/geotextile interface as base isolating system", Geosynth. Int., 25(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.17.00025.
  19. Karatzia, X. and Mylonakis, G. (2017), "Geotechnical seismic isolation using eps geofoam around piles", The 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Rhodes Island, Greece.
  20. Koren, D. and Kilar, V. (2016), "Seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete building structures founded on an XPS layer", Earthq. Struct., 10(4), 939-963. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.4.939.
  21. Kulukcija S. and Humo M. (2009), "Survey of historic foundation engineering", Bastina, Sarajevo.
  22. Kulukcija S., Humo M., Mandzic E., Mandzic K., and Selimovic M. (2009), "Existing historical foundation system of two old bridges from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina", The Third International Congress on Construction History, Cottbus, Germany.
  23. Makris, N. (2014), "A half-century of rocking isolation", Earthq. Struct., 7(6), 1187-1221. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.6.1187.
  24. Mavronicola, E., Komodromos, P. and Charmpis, D.C. (2010), "Numerical investigation of potential usage of rubber-soil mixtures as a distributed seismic isolation approach", The Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, Valencia, Spain.
  25. Murillo, C., Thorel, L. and Caicedo, B. (2009), "Ground vibration isolation with geofoam barriers: centrifuge modelling", Geotext. Geomembranes, 27(6), 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.03.006.
  26. Naeim, F. and Kelly, J.M. (1999), "Design of seismic isolated structures: From theory to practice", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
  27. Nanda, R.P., Agarwal, P., and Shrikhande, M. (2012a), "Base isolation by geosynthetic for brick masonry buildings", J. Vib. Control, 18(6), 903-910. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546311412411.
  28. Nanda, R.P., Shrikhande, M. and Agarwal, P. (2012b), "Effect of ground motion characteristics on the pure friction isolation system", Earthq. Struct., 3(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.2.169.
  29. Panjamani, A., Devarahalli Ramegowda, M. and Divyesh, R. (2015), "Low cost damping scheme for low to medium rise buildings using rubber soil mixtures", Japan. Geotech. Soc. Spec. Publications, 3(2), 24-28. https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v03.i05.
  30. Patil, S.J., Reddy, G.R., Shivshankar, R., Babu, R., Jayalekshmi, B.R. and Kumar, B. (2016), "Seismic base isolation for structures using river sand", Earthq. Struct., 10(4), 829-847. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.4.829.
  31. Pecker, A. (2003), "A seismic foundation design process, lessons learned from two major projects: the Vasco de Gama and the Rion Antirion bridges", The Proceedings of the ACI International Conference on Seismic Bridge Design and Retrofit, La Jolla, U.S.A.
  32. Pecker, A., Prevost, J.H. and Dormieux, L. (2001), "Analysis of pore pressure generation and dissipation in cohesionless materials during seismic loading", J. Earthq. Eng., 5(4), 441-464. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460109350401.
  33. Przewlocki, J., Dardzinska, I. and Swinianski, J. (2005), "Review of historical buildings' foundations", Geotechnique, 55, 363-372. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2005.55.5.363.
  34. Radnic, J., Grgic, N., Matesan, D. and Baloevic, G. (2015), "Shake table testing of reinforced concrete columns with different layout size of foundation", Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 46(4-5), 348-367. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201500410.
  35. Steenfelt, J.S, Foged, B. and Augustesen, A.H. (2015), "Izmit Bay bridge-geotechnical challenges and innovative solutions", Int. J. Bridge Eng., (IJBE) 3(3), 53-68.
  36. Tehrani, F.M. and Hasani, A. (1996), "Behaviour of Iranian low rise buildings on sliding base to earthquake excitation", The Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico.
  37. Tsang, H.H. (2008), "Seismic isolation by rubber-soil mixtures for developing countries", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(2), 283-303. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.756.
  38. Tsang, H.H. (2009), "Geotechnical seismic isolation", Earthq. Eng.: New Res., New York, U.S.A. Nova Science Publishers Inc., 55-87.
  39. Tsang, H.H. and Pitilakis, K. (2019), "Mechanism of geotechnical seismic isolation system: analytical modeling", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 122, 171-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.03.037.
  40. Tsang, H.H., Lo, S.H., Xu, X. and Neaz Sheikh, M. (2012), "Seismic isolation for low-to-medium-rise buildings using granulated rubber-soil mixtures: numerical study", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(14), 2009-2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2171.
  41. Tsiavos, A., Alexander N.A., Diambra A., Ibraim E., Vardanega P. J., Gonzalez-Buelga A. and Sextos A. (2019), "A sand-rubber deformable granular layer as a low-cost seismic isolation strategy in developing countries: experimental investigation", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105731.
  42. Wang J., He J.X., Yang Q.S. and Yang, N. (2018), "Study on mechanical behaviors of column foot joint in traditional timber structure", Struct. Eng. Mech., 66(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.66.1.001.
  43. Xiao, H., Butterworth, J.W. and Larkin, T. (2004), "Low-technology techniques for seismic isolation", The Proceedings of the NZSEE Conference, Rototua, New Zealand.
  44. Xiong, W. and Li, Y. (2013), "Seismic isolation using granulated tire-soil mixtures for less-developed regions: experimental validation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(14), 2187-2193. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2315.
  45. Xiong, W., Yan, M.R., and Li, Y.Z. (2014), "Geotechnical seismic isolation system - further experimental study", Appl. Mech. Mater., 580-583, 1490-1493. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.580-583.1490.
  46. Yegian, M. K. and Catan, M. (2004), "Soil isolation for seismic protection using a smooth synthetic liner", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130(11), 1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)10900241(2004)130:11(1131).
  47. Yegian, M.K. and Kadakal, U. (2004), "Foundation isolation for seismic protection using a smooth synthetic liner", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130(11), 1121-1130. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)10900241(2004)130:11(1121).
  48. Zhao, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Q. and He, J. (2016), "Numerical study on seismic isolation effect of gravel cushion", The Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Discrete Element Methods, 188, 1055-1063., Dalian, China.