Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Vertical equipment isolation using piezoelectric inertial-type isolation system

  • Lu, Lyan-Ywan (Department of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University) ;
  • Lin, Ging-Long (Department of Construction Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Chen, Yi-Siang (Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Hsiao, Kun-An (Department of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University)
  • Received : 2019.11.06
  • Accepted : 2020.05.27
  • Published : 2020.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Among anti-seismic technologies, base isolation is a very effective means of mitigating damage to structural and nonstructural components, such as equipment. However, most seismic isolation systems are designed for mitigating only horizontal seismic responses because the realization of a vertical isolation system (VIS) is difficult. The difficulty is primarily due to conflicting isolation stiffness demands in the static and dynamic states for a VIS, which requires sufficient rigidity to support the self-weight of the isolated object in the static state, but sufficient flexibility to lengthen the isolation period and uncouple the ground motion in the dynamic state. To overcome this problem, a semi-active VIS, called the piezoelectric inertia-type vertical isolation system (PIVIS), is proposed in this study. PIVIS is composed of a piezoelectric friction damper (PFD) and a leverage mechanism with a counterweight. The counterweight provides an uplifting force in the static state and an extra inertial force in the dynamic state; therefore, the effective vertical stiffness of PIVIS is higher in the static state and lower in the dynamic state. The PFD provides a controllable friction force for PIVIS to further prevent its excessive displacement. For experimental verification, a shaking table test was conducted on a prototype PIVIS controlled by a simple controller. The experimental results well agree with the theoretical results. To further investigate the isolation performance of PIVIS, the seismic responses of PIVIS were simulated numerically by considering 14 vertical ground motions with different characteristics. The responses of PIVIS were compared with those of a traditional VIS and a passive system (PIVIS without control). The numerical results demonstrate that compared with the traditional and passive systems, PIVIS can effectively suppress isolation displacement in all kinds of earthquake with various peak ground accelerations and frequency content while maintaining its isolation efficiency. The proposed system is particularly effective for near-fault earthquakes with long-period components, for which it prevents resonant-like motion.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of R.O.C. (Taiwan) through grant MOST108-2625-M-006-005. The authors are grateful to the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE, Taipei) for its technical support of the experiment.

References

  1. Araki, Y., Asai, T. and Masui, T. (2011), "Response of vibrationisolated object to ground motions with intense vertical accelerations", Eng. Struct., 33(12), 3610-3619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.07.025
  2. Araki, Y., Asai, T., Kimura, K., Maezawa, K. and Masui, T. (2013), "Nonlinear vibration isolator with adjustable restoring force", J. Sound Vib., 332(23), 6063-6077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2013.06.030
  3. Asai, T., Araki, Y., Kimura, K. and Masui, T. (2017), "Adjustable vertical vibration isolator with a variable ellipse curve mechanism", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 46(8), 1345-1366. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2859
  4. Badalouka, B.G. and Papadopoulos, G.A. (2008), "Experimental study of a structure under stress pulse simulating vertical ground motion", J. Earthq. Eng., 12(3), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460701457017
  5. Chang, C.M., Spencer, B.F. and Shi, P. (2014), "Multiaxial active isolation for seismic protection of buildings", Struct. Control Health Monitor., 21(4), 484-502. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1579
  6. Chu, S.Y., Lu, L.Y. and Yeh, S.W. (2018), "Real‐time hybrid testing of a structure with a piezoelectric friction controllable mass damper by using a shake table", Struct. Control Health Monitor., 25(3), e2124. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2124
  7. FEMA (2011), Reducing the risks of nonstructural earthquake damage - A practical guide. Report no. FEMA E-74, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C, USA.
  8. Franke, D., Lam, N., Gad, E. and Chandler, A. (2005), "Seismically induced overturning of objects and filtering effects of buildings", JSEE: Summer, 7(2), 95-108.
  9. Fujita, S. (1996), "Shake table tests on three-dimensional vibration isolation system comprising rubber bearing and coil springs", Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, No.276, Acapulco, Mexico, June.
  10. Furukawa, S., Sato, E., Shi Y., Becker, T. and Nakashima, M. (2013), "Full‐scale shaking table test of a base‐isolated medical facility subjected to vertical motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(13), 1931-1949. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2305
  11. Jangid, R.S. and Kelly, J.M. (2001), "Base isolation for near-fault motion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(5), 691-707. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.31
  12. Kitamura, S., Okamura, S. and Takahashi, K. (2005), "Experimental study on vertical component seismic isolation system with coned disk spring", ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference, Paper No. PVP2005-71356, pp. 175-182.
  13. Konstantinidis, D. and Makris, N. (2005), "Experimental and analytical studies on the seismic response of freestanding and anchored laboratory equipment", Report No. PEER 2005/07, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  14. Konstantinidis, D. and Makris, N. (2009), "Experimental and analytical studies on the response of freestanding laboratory equipment to earthquake shaking", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(6), 827-848. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.871
  15. Li, X., Dou, H. and Zhu, X. (2007), "Engineering characteristics of near-fault vertical ground motions and their effect on the seismic response of bridges", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 6(4), 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-007-0723-5
  16. Lin, T.K., Lu, L.Y. and Chang, H. (2015), "Fuzzy logic control of a stiffness-adaptable seismic isolation system", Struct. Control Health Monitor., 22(1), 177-195. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1667
  17. Lin, T.K., Lu, L.Y. and Chen, C.J. (2018) "Semi-active leveragetype isolation system considering minimum structural energy", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 21(3), 373-387. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.21.3.373
  18. Lu, L.Y., Chung, L.L., Wu, L.Y. and Lin, G.L. (2006), "Dynamic analysis of structures with friction devices using discrete-time state-space formulation", Comput. Struct., 84(15-16), 1049-1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2005.12.005
  19. Lu, L.Y., Lee, T.Y. and Yeh, S.W. (2011a), "Theory and experimental study for sliding isolators with variable curvature", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(14), 1609-1627. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1106
  20. Lu, L.Y., Lin, G.L. and Lin, C.Y. (2011b), "Experiment of an ABS-type control strategy for semi-active friction isolation systems", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 8(5), 501-524. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2011.8.5.501
  21. Lu, L.Y., Lin, G.L. and Lin, C.Y. (2011c), "Experimental verification of a piezoelectric smart isolation system", Struct. Control Health Monitor., 18(8), 869-889. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.407
  22. Lu, L.Y., Chu, S.Y., Yeh, S.W. and Chung, L.L. (2012), "Seismic test of least-input-energy control with ground velocity feedback for variable-stiffness isolation systems", J. Sound Vib., 331(4), 767-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2011.10.012
  23. Lu, L.Y., Lin, C.C. and Lin, G.L. (2013a), "Experimental evaluation of supplemental viscous damping for a sliding isolation system under pulse-like base excitation", J. Sound Vib., 332(8), 1982-1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2012.12.008
  24. Lu, L.Y., Lee, T.Y., Juang, S.Y. and Yeh, S.W. (2013b), "Polynomial friction pendulum isolators (PFPIs) for building floor isolation: An experimental and theoretical study", Eng. Struct., 56(2013), 970-982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013. 06.016
  25. Lu, L.Y., Chen, P.R. and Pong, K.W. (2016), "Theory and experiment of an inertia-type vertical isolation system for seismic protection of equipment", J. Sound Vib., 366, 44-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2015.12.009
  26. Makris, N. and Chang, S.P. (2000), "Effect of viscous, viscoplastic and friction damping on the response of seismic isolated structures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29(1), 85-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(200001)29:1<85::AIDEQE902>3.0.CO;2-N
  27. Memari, A.M., Maneetes, H. and Bozorgnia, Y. (2004), "Study of the effect of near-source vertical ground motion on seismic design of precast concrete cladding panels", J. Architect. Eng., 10(4), 167-184. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(2004)10:4(167)
  28. Murnal, P. and Sinha, R. (2004), "Aseismic design of structure-equipment systems using variable frequency pendulum isolator", Nuclear Eng. Des., 231(2), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2004.03.009
  29. Narasimhan, S. and Nagarajaiah, S. (2005), "A STFT semi-active controller for base isolated buildings with variable stiffness isolation systems", Eng. Struct., 27(4), 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.11.010
  30. Narasimhan, S., Nagarajaiah, S., Johnson, E.A. and Gavin, H.P. (2006), "Smart base-isolated benchmark building. Part I: problem definition", Struct. Control Health Monitor., 13(2-3), 573-588. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.99
  31. Papazoglou, A.J. and Elnashai, A.S. (1996), "Analytical and field evidence of the damaging effect of vertical earthquake ground motion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 25(10), 1109-1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199610)25:10<1109::AID-EQE604>3.0.CO;2-0
  32. Riley, M.A., Reinhorn, A.M. and Nagarajaiah, S. (1998), "Implementation issues and testing of a hybrid sliding isolation system", Eng. Struct., 20(3), 144-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00079-5
  33. Ramadan, K.S., Sameoto, D. and Evoy, S. (2014), "A review of piezoelectric polymers as functional materials for electromechanical transducers", Smart Mater. Struct., 23(3), 033001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/3/033001r
  34. Sankaranarayanan, R. and Medina, R.A. (2007), "Acceleration response modification factors for nonstructural components attached to inelastic moment-resisting frame structures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(14), 2189-2210. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.724
  35. Shimada, T., Fujiwaka, T., Moro, S. and Ikutama, S. (2004), "Study on three-dimensional seismic isolation system for nextgeneration nuclear power plant hydraulic three-dimensional base isolation system", Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, No. 788, Vancouver, BC, Canada, August.
  36. Song, G., Sethi, V. and Li, H.N. (2006), "Vibration control of civil structures using piezo-ceramic smart materials: A review", Eng. Struct., 28(11), 1513-1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.02.002
  37. Soni, D.P., Mistry, B.B., Jangid, R.S. and Panchal, V.R. (2011), "Seismic response of the double variable frequency pendulum isolator", Struct. Control Health Monitor., 18(4), 450-470. https://di.org/10.1002/stc.384
  38. Taniguchi, T. and Miwa, T. (2004), "Slip displacement analysis of freestanding rigid bodies subjected to earthquake motions", Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada, August, Paper No. 437.
  39. Tsuji, Y., Sasaki, T., Waters, T., Fujito, K. and Wang, D. (2014), "A Nonlinear Vibration Isolator Based on a Post-buckled Inverted L-shaped Beam", Proceedings of the Sixth World Conference on Structural Control and Monitoring, No. 376, Barcelona, Spain, July.
  40. Wang, T., Li, J. and Wang, F. (2015), "Experimental study on thick rubber bearings of three-dimensional isolation of nuclear power plants", Nuclear Power Eng., 36(5), 37-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13832/j.jnpe.2015.05.0037
  41. Xu, Z.D., Tu, Q. and Guo, Y.F. (2011), "Experimental study on vertical performance of multidimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation devices for long-span reticulated structures", J. Vib. Control, 18(13), 1971-1985. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546311r429338
  42. Yang, J.N., Akbarpour, A. and Ghaemmaghmi, P. (1987), "New optimal control algorithms for structural control", J. Eng. Mech., 113(9), 1369-1386. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1987)113:9(1369)
  43. Zhou, Z., Wong, J. and Mahin, S. (2016), "Potentiality of using vertical and three-dimensional isolation systems in nuclear structures", Nuclear Eng. Technol., 48(5), 1237-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2016.03.005