Journal of Marine Life Science (한국해양생명과학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Life Science (한국해양생명과학회)
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Daily Variation of Size-Fractionated Chlorophyll a Concentrations and Water Conditions Associated with Freshwater Discharge during Summer in the Yeongsan River Estuary

영산강 하구의 하계 담수 방류와 연관된 크기별 Chlorophyll a와 수환경의 일간 변동

  • Kim, Sehee (Department of Ocean System Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University) ;
  • Shin, Yongsik (Department of Ocean System Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University)
  • 김세희 (목포해양대학교 해양시스템공학과) ;
  • 신용식 (목포해양대학교 해양시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2020.11.20
  • Accepted : 2020.12.03
  • Published : 2020.12.16
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Abstract

A sea dike in the Yeongsan River estuary was constructed in 1981 to supply water and reclaim tidal flats for agriculture, separating the estuary into the freshwater and seawater zones. However, the sluice gates are frequently opened and freshwater is discharged in summer when more rainfall is recorded than other seasons, then converting the estuary to brackish water system. In this study, the direct effect of freshwater discharge was investigated by monitoring daily variation in water properties and phytoplankton size structure before and after the freshwater discharge events from 2013 to 2015. Freshwater discharge resulted in a sharp decrease in salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) at surface water whereas it increased the turbidity of water column. However, salinity did not decrease sharply in 2014 when freshwater was discharged one day before the monitoring and salinity remained low prior to the monitoring. Levels of nutrients especially dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) increased after the discharge and this contributed to potential limitation of nutrients such as P or Si rather than N in the estuary. Freshwater discharge also caused the changes in phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) and size structure although their responses were different between years. The changes may affect growth of grazers and thus structure of marine food web by alternating food availability in the Yeongsan River estuary.

영산강 하구는 1981년에 농지 및 농업용수 개발을 위해 하굿둑이 건설되면서 인위적인 변형이 이루어진 시스템으로 하굿둑을 중심으로 담수역과 해수역으로 분리되었다. 하지만 여름철에는 잦은 강우로 인해 수문이 자주 개방되고, 개방 시에 담수가 해수역으로 방류되면서 기수역의 특성을 보이기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 담수 방류의 직접적인 영향을 파악하기 위해 2013년부터 2015년까지 여름철 동안 담수 방류 전후로 일간 모니터링을 실시하여 하계 식물플랑크톤 크기구조와 환경여건 변화를 파악하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 담수 방류는 급격한 염분감소와 탁도를 증가시켜 표층의 용존산소도 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 조사 전까지 방류가 지속적으로 이루어진 2014년에는 이미 염분이 감소한 상황이어서 추가적인 방류로 인한 염분의 감소는 나타나지 않았다. 영양염 중에서는 특히 질소성 영양염의 유입이 크게 나타났고, 이로 인해 질소의 상대적 제한 보다는 인이나 규소의 제한 가능성이 크게 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤 생체량 및 크기구조는 연도별로 상이한 결과를 보였으나 결과적으로 담수 방류에 따라 변화를 초래하였고, 방류 후에도 어느 정도 그 경향이 유지되었다. 결론적으로 불규칙적이고 예측이 어려운 담수 방류는 염분, 탁도, 영양염 농도 등의 환경요인뿐만 아니라 식물플랑크톤의 생체량 및 크기구조를 단기적으로 크게 변화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 변화는 적조와 같은 유해조류발생(HABs) 뿐만 아니라, 먹이량 및 미세먹이망 변화를 통해 상위소비자 그리고 먹이망 구조에도 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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