DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A column study of effect of filter media on the performance of sand filter

  • Kim, Tae-hoon (Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul) ;
  • Oh, Heekyong (Plant Research Team, Daewoo E&C) ;
  • Eom, Jungyeol (Plant Research Team, Daewoo E&C) ;
  • Park, ChulHwi (Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul)
  • Received : 2019.10.28
  • Accepted : 2020.01.09
  • Published : 2020.07.25

Abstract

Sand filter is a key unit process for particle removal in water purification treatments. Its long-standing use is due to on-site customized retrofit. Proper selection of filter media is one of the retrofit approaches to improve filter performance. This study described a series of controlled laboratory column tests and examined the effects of media property on filtration and backwash. When sand media of 0.51 mm in effective size was replaced by sand of 0.60 mm, the filter run increased up to 5 times in the given bed depth. The change of media property required an increase of backwash rate by 0.05 m/min to satisfy the requirement of bed expansion, more than 20%. When the anthracite was changed with lower effective size and uniformity coefficient, correlation with sand in the filter bed could be satisfied within the permissible error between media and bulk characteristics. Besides, this selection resulted in a well-stratified configuration of media layers after bed expansion. The column study showed that the correlation of property between the dual media had a significant effect on the filter productivity and backwash interval.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Korean Ministry of Environment as the "Global Top Project (RE201606104)."

References

  1. Ahn, J.H. and Yoon, J.H. (2000), "Pilot-scale evaluation of granular filters using particle distribution analysis", J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 22(55), 919-926
  2. Alain, M., Genevieve, P., Christelle, L., Christian, B. and Manuel, J. R. (2017), "Behavior of non-regulated disinfection by-products in water following multiple chlorination points during treatment", Sci. Total Environ. 586, 870-878. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.066
  3. American Water Works Association (AWWA) and American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2012), Water Treatment Plant Design. 4th ed, McGraw Hill Inc., New York, USA.
  4. American Water Works Association (AWWA) and American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2012), Water Treatment Plant Design, 4th ed, New York, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
  5. Bottino, A., Capannelli, G., Comite, A., Ferrari F. and Firpo, R. (2011), "Water purification from pesticides by spiral wound nanofiltration membrane", Membr. Water Treat., 2(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2011.2.1.063
  6. Boyd, D.R. (2015), Cleaner, Greener, Healthier: A Prescription For Stronger Canadian Environmental Laws And Policies, UBC Press, Vancouver, Canada. 223-242.
  7. Carmen, T., Andreea-Florina. G., George, B. and Silvia, F. (2018), "Emerging pollutants removal through advanced drinking water treatment: A review on processes and environmental performances assessment", J. Cleaner Product. 197, 1210-1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.247.
  8. Emelko, M.B. (2003), "Removal of viable and inactivated Cryptosporidium by dual- and tri-media filtration", Water Res., 37, 2998-3008. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00113-1.
  9. Hoslett, J., Massara, T.M., Malamis, S., Ahmad, D., Boogaert, I., Katsou, E., Ahmad, B., Ghazal, H., Simons, S., Wrobel, L. and Jouhara, H. (2018), "Surface water filtration using granular media and membranes: A review", Sci. Total Environ., 639, 1268-1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.247.
  10. Huck, P.M., Coffey, B.M., O'Melia, C.R., Emelko, M.B. and Maurizio, D.D. (2001), Filter Operation Effects on Pathogen Passage, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO, USA. 112-148.
  11. Interdepartmental Water Quality Training Board (2011), Water Quality 101: Potable Water Micro-System Fundamentals, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada, 1-35.
  12. Jaideep C., Shajahan A., Shailendra P. and Santosh K.G. (2017), "A comparative study of granular activated carbon and sand as water filtration media with estimation of model parameters", Adv. Environ. Res., 6(1), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2017.6.1.035.
  13. James, I.P. and Matthew, T.H. (2018), "The effects of source water quality on drinking water treatment costs: a review and synthesis of empirical literature", Ecological Economics, 151, 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.04.014.
  14. Kawamura, S. (1975), "Design and operation of high-rate filters-part 1", J. AWWA, 67(10), 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1975.tb02291.x.
  15. Kawamura, S. (1975), "Design and operation of high-rate filters-part 2", J. AWWA, 67(11), 653-662. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1975.tb02319.x.
  16. Kawamura, S. (1975), "Design and operation of high-rate filters-part 3", J. AWWA, 67(12), 705-708. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1975.tb02335.x.
  17. Khulbe K.C., Feng C.Y., Matsuura T. and Ismail A.F. (2012), "Progresses in membrane and advanced oxidation processes for water treatment", Membr. Water Treat., 3(3), 181-200. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2012.3.3.181.
  18. Korean water works association. (2009), Testing Method of Filter Sand for Waterworks, Ministry of Environment, Korea.
  19. Korean water works association. (2010), Standards and Guidelines of Waterworks Facilities, Ministry of Environment, Korea. 288-298
  20. Korean water works association. (2017), Korean Construction Specification of Drinking Water Treatment, Ministry of Environment, Korea.7-12
  21. Korean Ministry of Environment. (2017), Statistical Yearbook of Waterworks, Korean Ministry of Environment, Korea.
  22. Kubota, S. and Magara, Y. (2009), Environmental And Health Aspects of Water Treatment And Supply, EOLSS Publishers, 311-329.
  23. Lin, P.H. (2010), "Filter media modification in rapid sand filtration", Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University, USA.
  24. Mariya, N.K., Craig, A.S. and Lazaros, G.P. (2017), "Optimisation approaches for the synthesis of water treatment plants", Comput. Chem. Eng., 106, 849-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.12.018.
  25. Masaoki, K., Yoshihiko, M., Kenta, K., Tairyo, B.I., Taku, M. and Nobutaka, S. (2013), "Minimizing residual aluminum concentration in treated water by tailoring properties of polyaluminum coagulants", Water Res., 47(6), 2075-2084. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.037.
  26. Miklos, D.B., Remy, C., Jekel, M., Linden, K.G., Drewes, J.E. and Hubner, U. (2018), "Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment-A critical review", Water Res., 139,118-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.042.
  27. Nicolas, M.P., Raymond, L.L. and Robert, C.A. (2018), "Neural networks for dimensionality reduction of fluorescence spectra and prediction of drinking water disinfection by-products", Water Res., 136, 84-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.052.
  28. O'Melia, C.R. and Stumn, W. (1967), "Theory of water filtration", J. AWWA, 59(11), 1393. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03469.x.
  29. Ongerth, J.E. and Pecoraro, J.P. (1995), "Removing cryptosporidium using multimedia filters", J. AWWA, 12, 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06468.x.
  30. Qasim, S.R, Motley, E.M. and Zhu, G. (2000), "Water treatment process", Water Works Engineering: Planning, Design, and Operation, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA., 32-49.
  31. Qasim, S.R., Motley, E.M. and Zhu, G. (2000), "Basic design considerations" Water Works Engineering: Planning, Design, and Operation, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA., 50-90.
  32. Qasim, S.R., Motley, E.M. and Zhu, G. (2000), "Predesign report and problem definition for the design example", Water Works Engineering: Planning, Design, and Operation, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA., 91-124.
  33. Qasim, S.R., Motley, E.M. and Zhum, G. (2000), Filtration, Water Works Engineering: Planning, Design, and Operation, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 355-383.
  34. Shen, H., Tang, X., Wu, N., Chen, H. (2018), "Leakage of soluble microbial products from biological activated carbon filtration in drinking water treatment plants and its influence on health risks", Chemosphere, 202, 626-636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2018.03.123.
  35. Shim, Y.S. (2011), "Optimization of filtration process by evaluating particle size distribution", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Seoul, Korea.
  36. Sillanpaa, M., Ncibi, M.C., Matilainen, A. (2018), "Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of natural organic matter from drinking water sources: A comprehensive review", J. Environ. Manag., 208(15), 56-76. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.009.
  37. Wang X., Li N., Zhao Y. and Xia S. (2018), "Preparation of graphene oxide incorporated polyamide thin-film composite membranes for PPCPs removal", Membr. Water Treat., 9(4), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2018.9.4.211.
  38. Yu, M.J. and Cho, Y.M. (1995), Drinking Water Treatment, Dongwha Publishing, Korea. 93-109.
  39. Zouboulis, A., Traskas, G. and Samaras, P. (2007), "Comparison of single and dual media filtration in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant", Desalination 213, 334-342. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.102.