Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science

Korean Academy of Periodontology (대한치주과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Correlation analysis of gingival recession after orthodontic treatment in the anterior region: an evaluation of soft and hard tissues

  • Lee, Jong-Bin (Department of Periodontology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital) ;
  • Baek, Soo-Jin (Department of Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Minji (Department of Orthodontics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Pang, Eun-Kyoung (Department of Periodontology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
  • Received : 2019.02.13
  • Accepted : 2019.07.29
  • Published : 2020.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the main causes of periodontal tissue change associated with labial gingival recession by examining the anterior region of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment. Methods: In total, 45 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment from January 2010 to December 2015 were included. Before and after the orthodontic treatment, sectioned images from 3-dimensional digital model scanning and cone-beam computed tomography images in the same region were superimposed to measure periodontal parameters. The initial labial gingival thickness (IGT) and the initial labial alveolar bone thickness (IBT) were measured at 4 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and the change of the labial gingival margin was defined as the change of the distance from the CEJ to the gingival margin. Additionally, the jaw, tooth position, tooth inclination, tooth rotation, and history of orthognathic surgery were investigated to determine the various factors that could have affected anterior periodontal tissue changes. Results: The mean IGT and IBT were 0.77±0.29 mm and 0.77±0.32 mm, respectively. The mean gingival recession was 0.14±0.57 mm. Tooth inclination had a significant association with gingival recession, and as tooth inclination increased labially, gingival recession increased by approximately 0.2 mm per 1°. Conclusions: In conclusion, the IGT, IBT, tooth position, tooth rotation, and history of orthognathic surgery did not affect labial gingival recession. However, tooth inclination showed a significant association with labial gingival recession of the anterior teeth after orthodontic treatment.

Keywords

References

  1. Rasperini G, Acunzo R, Cannalire P, Farronato G. Influence of periodontal biotype on root surface exposure during orthodontic treatment: a preliminary study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2015;35:665-75.
  2. Yared KF, Zenobio EG, Pacheco W. Periodontal status of mandibular central incisors after orthodontic proclination in adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130:6.e1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.015
  3. Renkema AM, Fudalej PS, Renkema A, Bronkhorst E, Katsaros C. Gingival recessions and the change of inclination of mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 2013;35:249-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjs045
  4. Allais D, Melsen B. Does labial movement of lower incisors influence the level of the gingival margin? A case-control study of adult orthodontic patients. Eur J Orthod 2003;25:343-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/25.4.343
  5. Artun J, Grobety D. Periodontal status of mandibular incisors after pronounced orthodontic advancement during adolescence: a follow-up evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:2-10. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.111403
  6. Closs LQ, Grehs B, Raveli DB, Rosing CK. Occurrence, extension, and severity of gingival margin alterations after orthodontic treatment. World J Orthod 2008;9:e1-6.
  7. Slutzkey S, Levin L. Gingival recession in young adults: occurrence, severity, and relationship to past orthodontic treatment and oral piercing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:652-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.02.054
  8. Vasconcelos G, Kjellsen K, Preus H, Vandevska-Radunovic V, Hansen BF. Prevalence and severity of vestibular recession in mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2012;82:42-7. https://doi.org/10.2319/021411-108.1
  9. Melsen B, Allais D. Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:552-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.12.026
  10. Joss-Vassalli I, Grebenstein C, Topouzelis N, Sculean A, Katsaros C. Orthodontic therapy and gingival recession: a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2010;13:127-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2010.01491.x
  11. Seibert J, Lindhe J. Esthetics and periodontal therapy. In: Lindhe J, editor. Textbook of clinical periodontology. 2nd ed. Copenhangen, Denmark: Munksgaard; 1989. p.477-514.
  12. Claffey N, Shanley D. Relationship of gingival thickness and bleeding to loss of probing attachment in shallow sites following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13:654-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00861.x
  13. Zawawi KH, Al-Zahrani MS. Gingival biotype in relation to incisors' inclination and position. Saudi Med J 2014;35:1378-83.
  14. Scheyer ET, Sanz M, Dibart S, Greenwell H, John V, Kim DM, et al. Periodontal soft tissue non-root coverage procedures: a consensus report from the AAP Regeneration Workshop. J Periodontol 2015;86:S73-6. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.140377
  15. Kim DM, Neiva R. Periodontal soft tissue non-root coverage procedures: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop. J Periodontol 2015;86:S56-72. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.130684
  16. Olsson M, Lindhe J. Periodontal characteristics in individuals with varying form of the upper central incisors. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18:78-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01124.x
  17. Artun J, Krogstad O. Periodontal status of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination. A study in adults with surgically treated mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1987;91:225-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(87)90450-1
  18. Kassab MM, Cohen RE. The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134:220-5. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0137
  19. Wennstrom JL, Lindhe J, Sinclair F, Thilander B. Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:121-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1987.tb00954.x
  20. Fu JH, Yeh CY, Chan HL, Tatarakis N, Leong DJ, Wang HL. Tissue biotype and its relation to the underlying bone morphology. J Periodontol 2010;81:569-74. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.090591
  21. Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Umezu K, Kois JC. Dimensions of peri-implant mucosa: an evaluation of maxillary anterior single implants in humans. J Periodontol 2003;74:557-62. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2003.74.4.557
  22. Greenberg J, Laster L, Listgarten MA. Transgingival probing as a potential estimator of alveolar bone level. J Periodontol 1976;47:514-7. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1976.47.9.514
  23. Sanz Martin I, Benic GI, Hammerle CH, Thoma DS. Prospective randomized controlled clinical study comparing two dental implant types: volumetric soft tissue changes at 1 year of loading. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016;27:406-11.
  24. Cook DR, Mealey BL, Verrett RG, Mills MP, Noujeim ME, Lasho DJ, et al. Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness: an in vivo study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2011;31:345-54.
  25. Downs WB. Variations in facial relationships; their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod 1948;34:812-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(48)90015-3
  26. Ricketts RM. Cephalometric analysis and synthesis. Angle Orthod 1961;31:141-56.
  27. Bollen AM, Cunha-Cruz J, Hujoel PP. Secular trends in preadult orthodontic care in the United States: 1942-2002. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:579-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.036
  28. Henneman S, Von den Hoff JW, Maltha JC. Mechanobiology of tooth movement. Eur J Orthod 2008;30:299-306. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjn020
  29. Albandar JM, Kingman A. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988-1994. J Periodontol 1999;70:30-43. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1999.70.1.30
  30. Gorman WJ. Prevalence and etiology of gingival recession. J Periodontol 1967;38:316-22. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1967.38.4.316
  31. Kim Y, Park JU, Kook YA. Alveolar bone loss around incisors in surgical skeletal class III patients. Angle Orthod 2009;79:676-82. https://doi.org/10.2319/070308-341.1
  32. Boke F, Gazioglu C, Akkaya S, Akkaya M. Relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health: a retrospective study. Eur J Dent 2014;8:373-80. https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.137651
  33. Djeu G, Hayes C, Zawaideh S. Correlation between mandibular central incisor proclination and gingival recession during fixed appliance therapy. Angle Orthod 2002;72:238-45.
  34. Wennstrom JL. Mucogingival considerations in orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod 1996;2:46-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1073-8746(96)80039-9
  35. Ngan PW, Burch JG, Wei SH. Grafted and ungrafted labial gingival recession in pediatric orthodontic patients: effects of retraction and inflammation. Quintessence Int 1991;22:103-11.