Acknowledgement
This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP) (No. 2014R1A5A2010008 and No. 2017R1C1B5076640).
References
- Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:394-424 https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
- Katai H, Ishikawa T, Akazawa K, Isobe Y, Miyashiro I, Oda I, et al. Five-year survival analysis of surgically resected gastric cancer cases in Japan: a retrospective analysis of more than 100,000 patients from the nationwide registry of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (2001-2007). Gastric Cancer 2018;21:144-154 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-017-0716-7
- Moon YW, Jeung HC, Rha SY, Yoo NC, Roh JK, Noh SH, et al. Changing patterns of prognosticators during 15-year follow-up of advanced gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy: a 15-year follow-up study at a single Korean institute. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:2730-2737 https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-007-9479-4
- Ito S, Ohashi Y, Sasako M. Survival after recurrence in patients with gastric cancer who receive S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy: exploratory analysis of the ACTS-GC trial. BMC Cancer 2018;18:449
- Spolverato G, Ejaz A, Kim Y, Squires MH, Poultsides GA, Fields RC, et al. Rates and patterns of recurrence after curative intent resection for gastric cancer: a United States multi-institutional analysis. J Am Coll Surg 2014;219:664-675 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.062
- Kattan MW, Karpeh MS, Mazumdar M, Brennan MF. Postoperative nomogram for disease-specific survival after an R0 resection for gastric carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3647-3650 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.01.240
- Han DS, Suh YS, Kong SH, Lee HJ, Choi Y, Aikou S, et al. Nomogram predicting long-term survival after d2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3834-3840 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.41.8343
- Woo Y, Son T, Song K, Okumura N, Hu Y, Cho GS, et al. A novel prediction model of prognosis after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma: development and validation using Asian databases. Ann Surg 2016;264:114-120 https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001523
- Guner A, Kim SY, Yu JE, Min IK, Roh YH, Roh C, et al. Parameters for predicting surgical outcomes for gastric cancer patients: simple is better than complex. Ann Surg Oncol 2018;25:3239-3247 https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-018-6684-2
- Marcus C, Subramaniam RM. PET/computed tomography and precision medicine: gastric cancer. PET Clin 2017;12:437-447 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2017.05.004
- Yun M. Imaging of gastric cancer metabolism using 18 F-FDG PET/CT. J Gastric Cancer 2014;14:1-6 https://doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2014.14.1.1
- Lee JW, Lee SM, Lee MS, Shin HC. Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the prediction of gastric cancer recurrence after curative surgical resection. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012;39:1425-1434 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-012-2164-2
- Park JC, Lee JH, Cheoi K, Chung H, Yun MJ, Lee H, et al. Predictive value of pretreatment metabolic activity measured by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with metastatic advanced gastric cancer: the maximal SUV of the stomach is a prognostic factor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012;39:1107-1116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-012-2116-x
- Kim J, Lim ST, Na CJ, Han YH, Kim CY, Jeong HJ, et al. Pretreatment F-18 FDG PET/CT parameters to evaluate progression-free survival in gastric cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014;48:33-40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-013-0243-3
- Song BI, Kim HW, Won KS, Ryu SW, Sohn SS, Kang YN. Preoperative standardized uptake value of metastatic lymph nodes measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT improves the prediction of prognosis in gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94:e1037
- Lee JE, Hong SP, Ahn DH, Jeon TJ, Kang MK, Kwon CI, et al. The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of gastric cancer recurrence after curative gastrectomy. Yonsei Med J 2011;52:81-88 https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2011.52.1.81
- Cayvarli H, Bekis˛ R, Akman T, Altun D. The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of gastric cancer recurrence. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2014;23:76-83 https://doi.org/10.4274/mirt.83803
- Kim SJ, Cho YS, Moon SH, Bae JM, Kim S, Choe YS, et al. Primary tumor 18F-FDG avidity affects the performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting gastric cancer recurrence. J Nucl Med 2016;57:544-550 https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.163295
- Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, Byrd DR, Brookland RK, Washington MK, et al. AJCC cancer staging manual, 8th ed. New York: Springer International Publishing, 2017:203-220
- Fujiya K, Tokunaga M, Makuuchi R, Nishiwaki N, Omori H, Takagi W, et al. Early detection of nonperitoneal recurrence may contribute to survival benefit after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2017;20:141-149 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-016-0661-x
- Hothorn T, Lausen B. On the exact distribution of maximally selected rank statistics. Comput Stat Data Anal 2003;43:121-137 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00225-6
- Shiraishi N, Inomata M, Osawa N, Yasuda K, Adachi Y, Kitano S. Early and late recurrence after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. Univariate and multivariate analyses. Cancer 2000;89:255-261 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20000715)89:2<255::AID-CNCR8>3.0.CO;2-N
- Facciorusso A, Del Prete V, Antonino M, Crucinio N, Neve V, Di Leo A, et al. Post-recurrence survival in hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Dig Liver Dis 2014;46:1014-1019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2014.07.012
- Lee K, Kim HR, Kim DK, Kim YH, Park SI, Choi SH, et al. Post-recurrence survival analysis of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2017;25:623-629 https://doi.org/10.1177/0218492317737641
- Yoshida K, Kajiyama H, Utsumi F, Niimi K, Sakata J, Suzuki S, et al. A post-recurrence survival-predicting indicator for cervical cancer from the analysis of 165 patients who developed recurrence. Mol Clin Oncol 2018;8:281-285 https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2017.1530
- Sopik V, Sun P, Narod SA. Predictors of time to death after distant recurrence in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019;173:465-474 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-018-5002-9
- Sprinz C, Zanon M, Altmayer S, Watte G, Irion K, Marchiori E, et al. Effects of blood glucose level on 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake for PET/CT in normal organs: an analysis on 5623 patients. Sci Rep 2018;8:2126
- Pak KH, Yun M, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Choi SH, Noh SH. Clinical implication of FDG-PET in advanced gastric cancer with signet ring cell histology. J Surg Oncol 2011;104:566-570 https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.21997
- Yoon HJ, Kim BS, Moon CM, Yoo J, Lee KE, Kim Y. Prognostic value of diffuse splenic FDG uptake on PET/CT in patients with gastric cancer. PLoS One 2018;13:e0196110
- Lee S, Oh SY, Kim SH, Lee JH, Kim MC, Kim KH, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2013;13:350
- Kim EY, Lee JW, Yoo HM, Park CH, Song KY. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio versus neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: which is better as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer? Ann Surg Oncol 2015;22:4363-4370 https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-015-4518-z
- Zhang Y, Lu JJ, Du YP, Feng CX, Wang LQ, Chen MB. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97:e0144
- Ryu SW, Kim IH. Comparison of different nutritional assessments in detecting malnutrition among gastric cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:3310-3317 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i26.3310
- Aoyama T, Sato T, Maezawa Y, Kano K, Hayashi T, Yamada T, et al. Postoperative weight loss leads to poor survival through poor S-1 efficacy in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2017;22:476-483 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-017-1089-y
- Son YG, Kwon IG, Ryu SW. Assessment of nutritional status in laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;2:85
- Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science 2009;324:1029-1033 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160809
- Yuan LW, Yamashita H, Seto Y. Glucose metabolism in gastric cancer: the cutting-edge. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:2046-2059 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2046
- Lin LL, Hsia CR, Hsu CL, Huang HC, Juan HF. Integrating transcriptomics and proteomics to show that tanshinone IIA suppresses cell growth by blocking glucose metabolism in gastric cancer cells. BMC Genomics 2015;16:41
- Maher JC, Krishan A, Lampidis TJ. Greater cell cycle inhibition and cytotoxicity induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose in tumor cells treated under hypoxic vs aerobic conditions. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2004;53:116-122 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-003-0724-7
- Wang TA, Xian SL, Guo XY, Zhang XD, Lu YF. Combined 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and a gastric orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice are used to evaluate the efficacy of glycolysis-targeted therapy. Oncol Rep 2018;39:271-279 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.6060
- Cheong JH, Park ES, Liang J, Dennison JB, Tsavachidou D, Nguyen-Charles C, et al. Dual inhibition of tumor energy pathway by 2-deoxyglucose and metformin is effective against a broad spectrum of preclinical cancer models. Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10:2350-2362 https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0497
- Sunderland JJ, Christian PE. Quantitative PET/CT scanner performance characterization based upon the society of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging clinical trials network oncology clinical simulator phantom. J Nucl Med 2015;56:145-152 https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.114.148056