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An Approximate Estimation of Snow Weight Using KMA Weather Station Data and Snow Density Formulae

기상청 관측 자료와 눈 밀도 공식을 이용한 적설하중의 근사 추정

  • Jo, Ji-yeong (National Center for Agro-Meteorology) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Jae (National Center for Agro-Meteorology) ;
  • Choi, Won (Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 조지영 (국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 이승재 (국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 최원 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학)
  • Received : 2018.11.20
  • Accepted : 2020.04.02
  • Published : 2020.06.30

Abstract

To prevent and mitigate damage to farms due to heavy snowfall, snow weight information should be provided in addition to snow depth. This study reviews four formulae regarding snow density and weight used in extant studies and applies them in Suwon area to estimate snow weight in Korea. We investigated the observed snow depth of 94 meteorological stations and automatic weather stations (AWS) data over the past 30 years (1988-2017). Based on the spatial distribution of snow depth by area in Korea, much of the fresh snow cover, due to heavy snowfall, occurred in Jeollabuk-do and Gangwon-do. Record snowfalls occurred in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gangwon-do. However, the most recent heavy snowfall in winter occurred in Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Jeollanam-do. This implies that even if the snow depth is high, there is no significant damage unless the snow weight is high. The estimation of snow weight in Suwon area yielded different results based on the calculation method of snow density. In general, high snow depth is associated with heavy snow weight. However, maximum snow weight and maximum snow depth do not necessarily occur on the same day. The result of this study can be utilized to estimate the snow weight at other locations in Korea and to carry out snow weight prediction based on a numerical model. Snow weight information is expected to aid in establishing standards for greenhouse design and to reduce the economic losses incurred by farms.

대설로 인한 시설 농가의 피해를 예방하고 경감시키기 위해서는 기존의 적설 깊이와 더불어 적설하중에 대한 예보가 추가로 제공되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 눈의 밀도 및 적설하중과 관련하여 해외 연구에서 사용하고 있는 이론과 공식들을 검토하고, 이를 국내에서 장기간의 농업기상관측 이력을 가지고 있는 수원에 적용하여 얻는 적설하중 결과를 소개하였다. 지난 30년(1988~2017) 간 국내 94개 기상대와 무인자동기상 관측소에서 측정된 적설(3시간 신적설, 최심신적설, 최심적설) 깊이 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 대설주의보와 대설경보에 해당하는 적설 깊이의 빈도를 살펴보았다. 우리나라 권역별 적설빈도 공간분포를 보면 대설주의보에 해당하는 신적설은 전북지역에서 많이 발생했고, 대설경보에 해당하는 신적설은 경북과 강원지역에서 많이 나타났다. 기록적인 대설은 경북과 강원지역에서 나타났으나, 최근의 겨울철 대설 피해는 경기, 경북, 전남에서 나타났다. 즉 적설 깊이가 깊더라도 적설하중이 무겁지 않다면 큰 피해가 발생하지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 수원지역의 적설하중을 추정한 결과를 보면 공식들에 따라 다양한 값들과 특징을 보였다. 대부분 적설 깊이가 깊을 때 적설하중이 무겁게 나타났지만 최대적설하중과 최심적설이 반드시 같은 날에 발생하지는 않았다. 이러한 수원지역의 결과는 다른 지역에서의 적설하중을 추정하는데 도움을 줄 수 있고, 온실구조 설계 기준의 표준 확립과 적설하중 예보를 통해 농가의 경제적 손실을 줄이는데 기여할 것이다.

Keywords

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