References
- Ann YG. 2011. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Korean J Food Nutr 24:817-832 https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2011.24.4.817
- Buxton R. 2005. Blood Agar Plates and Hemolysis Protocols. pp.1-9. American Society for Microbiology
- Cevahir N, Demir M, Kaleli I, Gurbuz M, Tikvesli S. 2008. Evaluation of biofilm production, gelatinase activity, and mannose-resistant hemagglutination in Acinetobacter baumannii strains. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 41:513-518
- Choi MK, Choi SS. 2017. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance pattern and distribution of multi-drug efflux pump genes and virulence genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail meat in Seoul. J Food Hyg Saf 32:135-140 https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2017.32.2.135
- Chuang ON, Schlievert PM, Wells CL, Manias DA, Tripp TJ, Dunny GM. 2009. Multiple functional domains of Enterococcus faecalis aggregation substance asc10 contribute to endocarditis virulence. Infect Immun 77:539-548 https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01034-08
- CLSI. 2002. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animalss; Approved Standard. 2nd ed. pp.1-107. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
- CLSI. 2012. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 27th ed. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
- Eaton TJ, Gasson MJ. 2001. Molecular screening of Enterococcus virulence determinants and potential for genetic exchange between food and medical isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:1628-1635 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1628-1635.2001
- European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing [EUCAST]. 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing EUCAST disk diffusion method 2017. Available from https://eucast.org/ast_of_bacteria/previous_versions_of_documents/ [cited 07 December 2018]
- European Food Safety Authority [EFSA]. 2012. Guidance on the assessment of bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance. EFSA J 10:2740-2750
- Faisal M, Akram S, Ashraf M, Ali S, Kazmi SI. 2017. Isolation of gram-positive bacteria from different sources and evaluation of their probiotic properties. J Med Microbiol Infec Dis 5:12-16
- FAO, WHO. 2006. Probiotics in Food. pp.1-56. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization
- Franz CMAP, Huch M, Abriouel H, Holzapfel W, Galvez A. 2011. Enterococci as probiotics and their implications in food safety. Int J Food Microbiol 151:125-140 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.014
- Garcia-Cayuela T, Korany AM, Bustos I, Cadinanos LPG, Requena T, Pelaez C, Martinez-Cuesta MC. 2014. Adhesion abilities of dairy Lactobacillus plantarum strains showing an aggregation phenotype. Food Res Int 57:44-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.010
- Golob M, Pate M, Kusar D, Dermota U, Avbersek J, Papic B, Zdovc I. 2019. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from humans and retail red meat. Bio Med Res Int 2019:2815279
- Gozalan A, Coskun-Ari FF, Ozdem B, Unaldi O, Celikbilek N, Kirca F, Aydogan S, Muderris T, Guven T, Acikgoz ZC, Durmaz R. 2015. Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from carriage and clinical samples in a tertiary hospital, Turkey. J Med Microbiol 64:759-766 https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000088
- Hashem YA, Amin HM, Essam TM, Yassin AS, Aziz RK. 2017. Biofilm formation in Enterococci: Genotypephenotype correlations and inhibition by vancomycin. Nat Sci Rep 7:1-12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-016-0028-x
- Iweriebor BC, Obi LC, Okoh AI. 2015. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors of Enterococcus spp. isolated from fecal samples from piggery farms in Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Microbiol 15:136-147 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0468-7
- Jeong EG, Lee JC, Seo JY, Kim SY, Kim WS, Yun WH, Kim YS, Pi SH, You HK, Shin HS. 2008. Inhibitory effects of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Korean infants on oral pathogens. J Korean Acad Periodontol 38:31-40 https://doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2008.38.1.31
- Kang GH. 2003. Characteristics and industrial use of lactic acid bacteria. Korean J Food Nutr 16:86-92
- Kariyama R, Mitsuhata R, Chow JW, Clewell DB, Kumon H. 2000. Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for surveillance isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 38:3092-3095 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.8.3092-3095.2000
- Kayser FH. 2003. Safety aspects of Enterococci from the medical point of view. Int J Food Microbiol 88:255-262 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00188-0
- Kim JW. 2007. The antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial Enterococcus faecium infection in patients received probiotics containing Enterococcus faecium. J Korean Soc Parenter Enteral Nutr 1:13-18
- Kim MN. 1998. Isolation and characterization of the vancomycin resistant-Enterococcus faecium. Master's Thesis, Konkuk Univ. Seoul. Korea
- Kwon JY, Kim TH, Lee EJ, Jeon MH, Choo EJ, Park YH, Lee SH, Park H, Park H, Park H, Bae S, Baek A. 2009. Clinical features of enterococcal bacteremia. Soonchunhyang Med Sci 15:71-78
- Lee JH, Hwang SW, Kang KR, Kim DH, Kim CG. 2013. Comparison of virulence factors of Enterococci from intestinal drugs, infant feces and clinical isolates. Korean Soc Biotechnol Bioeng J 28:54-59
- Lee JH, Park HJ. 1995. Effects of lipophilic fraction from korean red ginseng on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in rats fed with corn oil and beef tallow diet. Korean J Ginseng Sci 19:206-211
- Lee JH. 2013. Research on safety evaluation system and standards for food microorganisms in several countries to ensure food safety. In General Statement of Basic Research Projects. pp.616-635. Youlchon Foundation
- Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. 1965. Probiotics: Growth promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science 147:747-748 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3659.747
- Markowiak P, Slizewaska K. 2017. Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. Nutrients 9:1021-1051 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091021
- Mathur S, Singh R. 2005. Antibiotic resistance in food lactic acid bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 105:281-295 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.03.008
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety [MFDS]. 2017. Report on re-evaluation of health functional food. Available from https://www.mfds.go.kr/brd/m_74/view.do?seq=40062 [cited 19 February 2018]
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety [MFDS]. 2018. Korean Food Standards Codex. Available from https://www.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/foodcode/01_01.jsp [cited 30 December 2018]
- NECA. 2016. Study on the Safe Use of Probiotics. pp. 1-258. National Evidence based Healthcare Collaborating Agency
- Oh JY, Her SH, Seol SY, Lee YC, Lee JC, Kim JM, Cho DT. 2008. Antimicrobial resistance and multilocus sequence typing of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated from clinical specimens. J Bacteriol Virol 38:19-27 https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2008.38.1.19
- Park SJ. 1999. Isolation, identification and bioactivity of Enterococcus faecalis 2B4-1. Ph.D. Thesis, Kon-Kuk Univ. Seoul. Korea
- Park YJ. 2017. Isolation and characterization of Kimchi lactic acid showing antibacterial activity. Korean J Hum Ecol 26:547-558 https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2017.26.6.547
- Sandip P, Bhushan C. 2017. A simple, rapid and sensitive plate assay for detection of microbial hyaluronidase activity. J Basic Microbiol 57:358-361 https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201600579
- Sava IG, Heikens E, Huebner J. 2010. Pathogenesis and immunity in enterococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 16:533-540 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03213.x
- Seong JU, Cha SB, Ryu KH, Choi KS, Park JC. 2013. Distribution characteristics and antibiotics resistance of Enterococcus spp. in Nakdong river. Korean J Ecol Environ 46:360-366 https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2013.46.3.360
- Seputiene V, Bogdaite A, Ruzauskas M, Suziedeliene E. 2012. Antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from diseased farm animals pigs, cattle and poultry. Pol J Vet Sci 15:431-438 https://doi.org/10.2478/v10181-012-0067-6
- Sievert DM, Ricks P, Edwards JR, Schneider A, Patel J, Srinivasan A, Kallen A, Limbago B, Fridkin S, National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Team and Participating NHSN Facilities. 2013. Antimicrobial- resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections:Summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009-2010. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 34:1-14 https://doi.org/10.1086/668770
- Simon O. 2005. Micro-organisms as feed additives-probiotics. Adv Pork Prod 16:161-167
- Smith RF, Willett NP. 1968. Rapid plate method for screening hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulfatase-producing microorganisms. J Appl Microbiol 16:1434-1436 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.16.9.1434-1436.1968
- Suchi SE, Shamsuzzaman SM, Uddin BMM, Yusuf MA. 2017. Detection of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Enterococci isolated from urinary tract infection. Bangladesh J Infect Dis 4:30-34
- Svec P, Vancanneyt M, Koort J, Naser SM, Hoste B, Vihavainen E, Vandamme P, Swings J, Bjorkroth J. 2005. Enterococcus devriesei sp. nov., associated with animal sources. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:2479-2484 https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63851-0
- Tan Q, Xu H, Aguilar ZP, Peng S, Dong S, Wang B, Li P, Chen T, Xu F, Wei H. 2013. Safety assessment and probiotic evaluation of Enterococcus faecium YF5 isolated from sourdough. J Food Sci 78:M587-M593 https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12079
- Thurlow LR, Thomas VC, Narayanan S, Olson S, Fleming SD, Hancock LE. 2010. Gelatinase contributes to the pathogenesis of endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis. Infect Immun 78:4936-4943 https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01118-09
- Tsai CC, Liu TH, Chen MH, Tsai CC, Tsen HY. 2004. Toxicity evaluation for an Enterococcus faecium strain TM39 in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 42:1601-1609 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2004.05.005
- Vankerckhoven V, Autgaerden TV, Vael C, Lammens C, Chapelle S, Rossi R, Jabes D, Goossens H. 2004. Development of a multiplex PCR for the detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl genes in Enterococci and survey for virulence determinants among European hospital isolates of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol 42:4473-4479 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.10.4473-4479.2004
- Veljovic K, Popovic N, Miljkovic M, Tolinacki M, Terzic-Vidojevic A, Kojic M. 2017. Novel aggregation promoting factor aggE contributes to the probiotic properties of Enterococcus faecium BGGO9-28. Front Microbiol 8:1-14
- Vergio FV. 1954. Anti-und probiotika. Hippokrates 25:116-119
- Zheng W, Zhang Y, Lu HM, Li DT, Zhang ZL, Tang ZX, Shi LE. 2015. Antimicrobial activity and safety evaluation of Enterococcus faecium KQ 2.6 isolated from peacock feces. BMC Biotechnol 15:30 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-015-0151-y