Journal of Audiology & Otology

The Korean Audiology Society (대한청각학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Test-Retest Reliability of Subjective Visual Horizontal Testing: Comparisons between Solid and Dotted Line Images

  • Zakaria, Mohd Normani (Audiology and Speech Pathology Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Wahat, Nor Haniza Abdul (Audiology Program, Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) ;
  • Zainun, Zuraida (Audiology and Speech Pathology Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Sakeri, Nurul Syarida Mohd (Audiology and Speech Pathology Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Salim, Rosdan (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia)
  • Received : 2019.07.21
  • Accepted : 2019.11.20
  • Published : 2020.04.20
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of subjective visual horizontal (SVH) testing when tested with solid and dotted line images. In this repeated measures study, 36 healthy young Malaysian adults (mean age=23.3±2.3 years, 17 males and 19 females) were enrolled. All of them were healthy and had no hearing, vestibular, balance, or vision problems. The SVH angles were recorded from each participant in an upright body position using a computerized device. They were asked to report their horizontality perception for solid and dotted line images (in the presence of a static black background). After 1 week, the SVH procedure was repeated. The test-retest reliability of SVH was found to be good for both solid line [intraclass correlation (ICC)=0.80] and dotted line (ICC=0.78). As revealed by Bland-Altman plots, for each visual image, the agreements of SVH between the two sessions were within the clinically accepted criteria (±2°). The SVH testing was found to be temporally reliable, which can be clinically beneficial. Both solid and dotted lines in the SVH testing are reliable to be used among young adults.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors were thankful to Adnan Tahir for his assistance in the data collection.

References

  1. Akin FW, Murnane OD. Subjective visual vertical test. Semin Hear 2009;30:281-6. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1241128
  2. Dieterich M, Brandt T. Ocular torsion and tilt of subjective visual vertical are sensitive brainstem signs. Ann Neurol 1993;33:292-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410330311
  3. Lin KY, Young YH. Correlation between subjective visual horizontal test and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential test. Acta Otolaryngol 2011;131:149-55. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016489.2010.518973
  4. Pagarkar W, Bamiou DE, Ridout D, Luxon LM. Subjective visual vertical and horizontal: effect of the preset angle. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008;134:394-401. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.134.4.394
  5. Docherty S, Bagust J. From line to dots: an improved computerised rod and frame system for testing subjective visual vertical and horizontal. BMC Res Notes 2010;3:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-9
  6. Zakaria MN, Salim R, Tahir A, Zainun Z, Mohd Sakeri NS. The influences of age, gender and geometric pattern of visual image on the verticality perception: a subjective visual vertical (SVV) study among Malaysian adults. Clin Otolaryngol 2019;44:166-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13255
  7. Zwergal A, Rettinger N, Frenzel C, Dieterich M, Brandt T, Strupp M. A bucket of static vestibular function. Neurology 2009;72:1689-92. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a55ecf
  8. Tesio L, Longo S, Rota V. The subjective visual vertical: validation of a simple test. Int J Rehabil Res 2011;34:307-15. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e32834c45bc
  9. Venhovens J, Meulstee J, Verhagen WI. Static subjective visual vertical in healthy volunteers: the effects of different preset angle deviations and test-retest variability. Neuroophthalmology 2016;40:113-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/01658107.2016.1156707
  10. Zainun Z, Zakaria MN, Sidek D, Ismail Z. Clinical use of Malay Version of Vertigo Symptom Scale (MWSS) in patients with peripheral vestibular disorder (PVD). Med J Malaysia 2012;67:386-9.
  11. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall;2009.
  12. Bland JM, Altman DG. Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res 1999;8:135-60. https://doi.org/10.1191/096228099673819272
  13. Giavarina D. Understanding Bland Altman analysis. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2015;25:141-51. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2015.015
  14. Tribukait A, Bergenius J, Brantberg K. The subjective visual horizontal for different body tilts in the roll plane: characterization of normal subjects. Brain Res Bull 1996;40:375-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(96)00130-X