Korean Journal of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) from animal carcass disposal sites using real-time RT-PCR

  • Miguel, Michelle (Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Ho (Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Suk (Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Cho, Yong-Il (Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University)
  • Received : 2020.05.18
  • Accepted : 2020.06.22
  • Published : 2020.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and avian influenza (AI) are highly pathogenic viral disease which affects the livestock industry worldwide. Outbreak of these viruses causes great impact in the livestock industry; thus, disease infected animals were immediately disposed. Burial is the commonly used disposal method for deceased animals. However, there is potential for secondary environmental contamination, as well as the risk that infectious agents persisting in the environment due to the limited environmental controls in livestock burial sites during the decomposition of the carcasses. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the detection of FMD and AI viruses from animal carcass disposal sites using real-time reverse transcription PCR. Soil samples of more than three years post-burial from livestock carcass disposal sites were collected and processed RNA isolation using a commercial extraction kit. The isolated RNA of the samples was used for the detection of FMDV and AIV using qRT-PCR. Based on the qPCR assay result, no viral particle was detected in the soil samples collected from the animal disposal sites. This indicates that 3 years of burial and their carcass disposal method is efficient for the control or at least reduction of spread infections in the surrounding environment.

Keywords

References

  1. Bartley LM, Donnelly CA, Anderson RM. 2002. Review of foot-and-mouth disease virus survival in animal excretions and on fomites. Vet Rec 151(22): 667-669. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.151.22.667
  2. Callahan JD, Brown F, Osorio FA, Sur JH, Kramer E, Long GW, Lubroth J, Ellis SJ, Shoulars KS, Gaffney KL, Rock DL, Nelson WM. 2002. Use of a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 220(11): 1636-1642. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1636
  3. Carter DO, Yellowlees D, Tibbett M. 2010. Moisture can be the dominant environmental parameter governing cadaver decomposition in soil. Forensic Sci Int 200(1-3): 60-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.031
  4. Gale P. 2002. Risk assessment: Use of composting and biogas treatment to dispose of catering waste containing meat: Final report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
  5. Geering WA, Lubroth J. 2002. Preparation of foot-and-mouth disease contingency plans. FAO Animal Health Manual No. 16. ISSN 1020-5187.
  6. Graiver DA, Topliff CL, Kelling CL, Bartelt-Hunt SL. 2009. Survival of the avian influenza virus (H6N2) after land disposal. Environ Sci Technol 43: 4063-4067. https://doi.org/10.1021/es900370x
  7. Grubman MJ, Baxt B. 2004. Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 17 (2): 465-493. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004
  8. Guan J, Chan M, Grenier C, Wilkie DC, Brooks BW, Spencer JL. 2009. Survival of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Compost and at Ambient Temperatures Based on Virus Isolation and Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR. Avian Dis 53(1): 26-33 https://doi.org/10.1637/8381-062008-Reg.1
  9. Guan J, Chan M, Grenier C, Brooks BW, Spencer JL, Kranendonk C, Copps J, Clavijo A. 2010. Degradation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during composting of infected pig carcasses. Can J Vet Res 74(1): 40-44.
  10. Gwyther CL, Williams AP, Golyshin PN, Edwards-Jones G, Jones DL. 2011. The environmental and biosecurity characteristics of livestock carcass disposal methods: A review. Waste Manag 31(4): 767-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.12.005
  11. Howard GT, Duos B, Watson-Horzelski EJ. 2010. Characterization of the soil microbial community associated with the decomposition of a swine carcass. Int Biodeter Biodegr 64(4): 300-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.02.006
  12. Hwang JH, Shin YK, Park SY, Kim J, Kim SM, Kim B, Park JH, Lee JS, Lee KN. 2015. Robust real-time reverse transcription-PCR for detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus neutralizing carryover contamination. J Clin Microbiol 54(1): 216-219. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01944-15
  13. KCDC (Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2014. Korea ministry of government legislation infectious disease control and Prevention Act. http://law.go.kr/.
  14. Kim HS, Kim K. 2012. Microbial and chemical contamination of groundwater around livestock mortality burial sites in Korea-a review. Geosci J. 16(4): 479-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0036-1
  15. Kim MH, Ko CR, Kim G. 2015 Costs analysis of carcass burial site construction: Focused on the foot and mouth disease 2011, South Korea. Environ Eng Res 20(4): 356-62. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2015.034
  16. Kim GH, Pramanik S. 2016. Biosecurity procedures for the environmental management of carcasses burial sites in Korea. Environ Geochem Health 38(6): 1229-1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9786-9
  17. Kim HY, Seo J, Kim TH, Shim B, Cha SM, Yu S. 2017. Pyrosequencing-based assessment of microbial community shifts in leachate from animal carcass burial lysimeter. Sci Total Environ 587-588: 232-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.126
  18. Ko CR, Seol SS, Kim G. 2017. Political Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease: A Review of Korean News. Sustainability. 9(3): 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030463
  19. MOE (Ministry of Environment). 2010. Environmental management guideline of carcass burial sites. Seoul: Ministry of Environment; 1-29.
  20. Moniwa M, Clavijo A, Li M, Collignon B, Kitching PR. 2007. Performance of a foot-and-mouth disease virus reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction with amplification controls between three real-time instruments. J Vet Diagn Invest 19(1): 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900103
  21. Panina GF, Civardi A, Massirio I, Scatozza F, Baldini P, Palmia F. 1989. Survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sausage meat products (Italian salami). Int J Food Microbiol 8(2): 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(89)90068-8
  22. Spackman E, Senne DA, Myers TJ, Bulaga LL, Garber LP, Perdue ML, Lohman K, Daum LT, Suarez DL. 2002. Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. J Clin Microbiol 40(9): 3256-3260. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.9.3256-3260.2002
  23. Stallknecht DE1, Kearney MT, Shane SM, Zwank PJ. 1990. Effects of pH, Temperature, and Salinity on Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Water. Avian Dis 34(2): 412-418. https://doi.org/10.2307/1591429
  24. Stephens CB, Spackman E. 2017. Thermal Inactivation of avian influenza virus in poultry litter as a method to decontaminate poultry houses. Prev Vet Med 145: 73-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.06.012
  25. Vass A. 2001. Beyond the Grave - Understanding Human Decomposition. Microbiology Today 28: 190-192.
  26. Wingfield WE, Palmer SB. 2009 Veterinary disaster response. John Wiley & Sons; pp 393.
  27. Wong MTF, Asseng S, Robertson MJ, Oliver Y. 2008. Mapping subsoil acidity and shallow soil across a field with information from yield maps, geophysical sensing and the grower. Precis Agric 9: 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-008-9052-6
  28. Yamamoto Y, Nakamura K, Yamada M, Mase M. 2010. Persistence of avian influenza virus (H5N1) in feathers detached from bodies of infected domestic ducks. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(16): 5496-5499. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00563-10
  29. Yoon JH, Kim YN, Shin DC, Kim KR, Kim KH. 2017. Management of animal carcass disposal sites using a biochar permeable reactive barrier and fast growth tree (Populus euramericana): A field study in Korea. Sustainability 9(3): 1-13.
  30. Yuan Q, Snow DD, Bartelt-Hunt SL. 2013. Potential water quality impacts originating from land burial of cattle carcasses. Sci Total Environ 456-457: 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.083