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Determination of optimum processing conditionsfor extruded rice cake using response surface methodology

반응표면분석을 이용한 압출 떡 제조 공정의 최적화

  • Hyung Joo Kim (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Won Byong Yoon (Elderly-Friendly Food Research Center, Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University)
  • 김형주 (강원대학교 식품생명공학과) ;
  • 윤원병 (농업생명과학연구원 고령친화생물소재연구센터)
  • Received : 2020.06.16
  • Accepted : 2020.07.17
  • Published : 2020.08.30

Abstract

The optimum processing conditions for extruded rice cakes were determined using response surface methodology. Lab-scale processing equipment was developed and tested under various processing conditions. This study specifically attempted to determine the ideal condtions for producing rice cakes by applying different extrusion conditions, namely, different moisture contents, rice flour particle size, steaming time, and number of extrusions. The quality properties of the rice cakes were evaluated by measuring their texture properties and color values. The response surface method was applied to design the experiment and to develop model equations based on the experimental data. The target quality values were determined by measuring the quality parameters of commercial rice cakes. The samples were prepared with different ratios of water content in the label and with different types of rice flour (well-milled and dried rice flour) to extend the feasibility. For samples prepared with dried rice flour using a batch:water content of 1:0.4, the optimum steaming time and number of extrusions were determined to be approximately 116 min and one, respectively, whereas they were 115 min and one, respectively, for the sample with the ratio 1:0.5. The optimum texture properties for the sample produced with flour prepared at the lab scale were achieved using 111 min of steaming and three extrusion cycles. Thus, the optimum processing conditions for producing extruded rice cakes using lab-scale production units were determined.

반응표면분석법에 의해 품질인자에 영향을 줄 것으로 판단되는 고형분:수분 비율, 입자 크기가 다른 미분, 증자시간, 압출횟수와 같은 다양한 압출 조건을 적용한 떡을 압출하여 색차 측정, 조직감 측정, 모델 방정식 도출, 관능검사 등을 실시하여 최적 조건을 설정하였다. 색차는 압출횟수가 증가함에 의해 유의적으로 감소하는 것을 확인하였으나, 증자시간, 수분 함량 및 입자 크기에 의한 유의적인 효과는 확인할 수 없었으며, 증자를 40분 진행한 후 3회 압출 진행한 압출 떡에서 0.48로 가장 낮은 𝛥E를 나타내었다. 모델 방정식 중 R2값이 0.7 이상이며, p-value가 0.05 이하인 조직감 항목들을 기준으로 최적화를 진행하였을 때 종합만족도가 가장 높은 값을 나타내어 떡볶이 떡 제품과 가장 유사한 조직감을 가지는 압출 조건은 건식 미분을 사용하여 고형분:수분 = 1:0.5의 조건에서 약 115분 증자시간과 압출 1회 적용한 압출 떡으로 확인되었다. 관능검사에 의해서는 색도와 경도에 의해 만족감에 대한 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으며, 120분을 증자한 후 3회 압출한 샘플에서 가장 높은 만족도를 나타내었다. 압출횟수의 증가에 의해 cohesiveness를 제외한 조직감에 유의적인 영향이 없으며, 색도 또한 구매를 결정짓는 요소임을 고려하여 본 연구에서는 115분 증자 후 3회 압출을 적용하는 것이 최적의 실험실 단위 압출 떡 제조 조건으로 결정하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 결과물은 농림축산식품부의 재원으로 농림식품기술기획평가원의 농축산물 안전생산·유통관리기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 연구되었음(318079-02).

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