참고문헌
- Boudoulas KD, Ravi Y, Garcia D, Saini U, Sofowora GG, Gumina RJ, et al. Type of valvular heart disease requiring surgery in the 21st century: mortality and length-of-stay related to surgery. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2013;7:104-109 https://doi.org/10.2174/1874192420130902001
- Aladmawi MA, Pragliola C, Vriz O, Galzerano D. Use of multidetector-row computed tomography scan to detect pannus formation in prosthetic mechanical aortic valves. J Thorac Dis 2017;9:S343-S348 https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.04.14
- Habets J, Budde RP, Symersky P, Van den Brink RB, De Mol BA, Mali WP, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of left-sided prosthetic heart valve dysfunction. Nat Rev Cardiol 2011;8:466-478 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2011.71
- Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Fleisher LA, et al. A 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:252-289 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.011
- Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, Antunes MJ, Baron-Esquivias G, Baumgartner H, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J 2012;33:2451-2496 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs109
- Zoghbi WA, Chambers JB, Dumesnil JG, Foster E, Gottdiener JS, Grayburn PA, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report From the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee, Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association, the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography, endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009;22:975-1014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2009.07.013
- Han K, Yang DH, Shin SY, Kim N, Kang JW, Kim DH, et al. Subprosthetic pannus after aortic valve replacement surgery: cardiac CT findings and clinical features. Radiology 2015;276:724-731 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2015142400
- Koo HJ, Ha H, Kang JW, Kim JA, Song JK, Kim HJ, et al. Impact of pannus formation on hemodynamic dysfunction of prosthetic aortic valve: pannus extent and its relationship to prosthetic valve motion and degree of stenosis. Clin Res Cardiol 2018;107:554-564 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-018-1217-3
- Lee S, Lee SP, Park EA, Hong MK, Kim JH, Kim HK, et al. Real-time 3D TEE for diagnosis of subvalvular pannus formation in mechanical aortic valves: comparison with multidetector CT and surgical findings. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8:1461-1464
- Suh YJ, Kim YJ, Lee S, Hong YJ, Lee HJ, Hur J, et al. Utility of cardiac computed tomography for evaluation of pannus in mechanical aortic valve. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;31:1271-1280 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-015-0683-1
- Suh YJ, Lee S, Im DJ, Chang S, Hong YJ, Lee HJ, et al. Added value of cardiac computed tomography for evaluation of mechanical aortic valve: emphasis on evaluation of pannus with surgical findings as standard reference. Int J Cardiol 2016;214:454-460 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.011
- Moss AJ, Dweck MR, Dreisbach JG, Williams MC, Mak SM, Cartlidge T, et al. Complementary role of cardiac CT in the assessment of aortic valve replacement dysfunction. Open Heart 2016;3:e000494
- Ueda T, Teshima H, Fukunaga S, Aoyagi S, Tanaka H. Evaluation of prosthetic valve obstruction on electrocardiographically gated multidetector-row computed tomography--identification of subprosthetic pannus in the aortic position. Circ J 2013;77:418-423 https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0290
- Toledano D, Acar C. Usefulness of computed tomography scanning in the diagnosis of aortic prosthetic valve pannus. J Heart Valve Dis 2010;19:665-668
- Teshima H, Hayashida N, Fukunaga S, Tayama E, Kawara T, Aoyagi S, et al. Usefulness of a multidetector-row computed tomography scanner for detecting pannus formation. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;77:523-526 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)01531-5
- Kassi M, Garg N, Chang SM. Utility of cardiac computed tomography for assessment of prosthetic aortic valve dysfunction with pannus formation. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2013;9:174-175 https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcj-9-3-174
- LaBounty TM, Agarwal PP, Chughtai A, Bach DS, Wizauer E, Kazerooni EA. Evaluation of mechanical heart valve size and function with ECG-gated 64-MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009;193:W389-W396 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.08.2178
- Lee DH, Youn HJ, Shim SB, Lee SH, Jung JI, Jung SE, et al. The measurement of opening angle and orifice area of a bileaflet mechanical valve using multidetector computed tomography. Korean Circ J 2009;39:157-162 https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2009.39.4.157
- Tsai IC, Lin YK, Chang Y, Fu YC, Wang CC, Hsieh SR, et al. Correctness of multi-detector-row computed tomography for diagnosing mechanical prosthetic heart valve disorders using operative findings as a gold standard. Eur Radiol 2009;19:857-867 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-008-1232-2
- Teshima H, Hayashida N, Enomoto N, Aoyagi S, Okuda K, Uchida M. Detection of pannus by multidetector-row computed tomography. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;75:1631-1633 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04772-0
- Symersky P, Budde RP, De Mol BA, Prokop M. Comparison of multidetector-row computed tomography to echocardiography and fluoroscopy for evaluation of patients with mechanical prosthetic valve obstruction. Am J Cardiol 2009;104:1128-1134 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.061
- Anwar AM, Nosir YF, Alasnag M, Chamsi-Pasha H. Real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: a novel approach for the assessment of prosthetic heart valves. Echocardiography 2014;31:188-196 https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.12327
- Tanis W, Teske AJ, Van Herwerden LA, Chamuleau S, Meijboom F, Budde RP, et al. The additional value of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in complex aortic prosthetic heart valve endocarditis. Echocardiography 2015;32:114-125 https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.12602
- Aggeli C, Felekos I, Kastellanos S, Panagopoulou V, Oikonomou E, Tsiamis E, et al. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: never before clinical efficacy looked so picturesque. Int J Cardiol 2015;198:15-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.052
- Girard SE, Miller FA Jr, Orszulak TA, Mullany CJ, Montgomery S, Edwards WD, et al. Reoperation for prosthetic aortic valve obstruction in the era of echocardiography: trends in diagnostic testing and comparison with surgical findings. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:579-584 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)01113-X
- Chang S, Suh YJ, Han K, Kim JY, Kim YJ, Chang BC, et al. The clinical significance of perivalvular pannus in prosthetic mitral valves: can cardiac CT be helpful? Int J Cardiol 2017;249:344-348 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.09.169