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묘성증후군 환아의 뇌 자기공명영상 소견: 증례 보고 및 정리

Brain MRI Findings of the Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome: A Case Report and Summary

  • Jin Sol Choi (Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Presbyterian Medical Center) ;
  • Eun Ae Yoo (Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Presbyterian Medical Center) ;
  • Jin Ok Choi (Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Presbyterian Medical Center) ;
  • Soo Jung Kim (Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Presbyterian Medical Center)
  • 투고 : 2019.05.09
  • 심사 : 2019.10.18
  • 발행 : 2020.07.01

초록

묘성증후군은 드문 유전자 결손 증후군으로, 환아는 후두 및 후두개의 기형과 신경학적 구조적 이상으로 인해 특징적인 높은 톤의 단조로운 울음소리를 내고 반복적인 흡인성 폐렴을 앓는다. 이전 보고된 증례들의 뇌 자기공명영상 소견을 정리한 결과 교뇌 저형성이 가장 뚜렷하였고, 소뇌 저형성이 동반되기도 하여 주로 후두개와의 이상 소견을 보였다. 천막상부 구조물의 위축도 자주 관찰되었는데 이것은 교뇌 저형성에 의한 이차적인 변화로 생각되었다. 본원에서 확진된 3개월 환아 또한 교뇌 저형성이 두드러져 이전 보고된 증례들과 거의 유사하였으나 수초화 양상에서 내섬유막 전완의 수초화 감소가 아니라 전반적인 수초화의 지연이 관찰되었다는 점에서 타 증례와 차이가 있었다. 후두, 교뇌, 소뇌는 비슷한 척삭에서 유래하므로, 묘성증후군에서 생기는 후두 및 뇌의 구조적 이상은 발생 초기의 이상임을 시사한다.

Cri-du-chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder in which the patient presents with a characteristic high-pitched monotonous cry and recurrent aspiration pneumonia, attributed to abnormalities in the larynx, epiglottis, and nervous system. The most prominent brain MRI findings are the presence of pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia, which primarily involve posterior cranial fossa structures. Although atrophy of supratentorial structures were also a common radiological finding, it was considered to be a secondary change due to pontine hypoplasia. Here, we present the case of a three-month-old patient presenting with cri-du-chat at our institution. The patient also showed the presence of prominent pontine hypoplasia similar to previously reported cases; however, contrary to other cases, there was a general delayed myelination of brain instead of decreased myelination of anterior limb of internal capsule. Since the larynx, pons, and cerebellum all originated from similar notochord level, which suggests anomaly in early stage of development, laryngeal, and brain anomaly characteristically observed in the cridu-chat syndrome.

키워드

참고문헌

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