Medical Lasers

Korean Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery (대한의학레이저학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Skin Reactions after Multiple Pulses of 1,064-nm, Microlens Array-type, Picosecond Laser Treatment

  • Received : 2020.09.27
  • Accepted : 2020.10.02
  • Published : 2020.12.31
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background and Objectives A picosecond-domain laser treatment using a microlens array (MLA) or a diffractive optical element elicits therapeutic micro-injury zones in the skin. This study examined the patterns of tissue reactions after delivering multiple pulses of 1,064-nm, MLA-type, picosecond neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment. Materials and Methods Multiple pulses of picosecond laser treatment were delivered to ex vivo human or brown micropig skin and analyzed histopathologically. A high-speed cinematographic study was performed to visualize the multiple pulses of picosecond laser energy-induced skin reactions in in vivo human skin. Results In the ex vivo human skin, a picosecond laser treatment at a fluence of 0.3 J/cm2 over 100 non-stacking passes generated multiple lesions of thermally-initiated laser-induced optical breakdown (TI-LIOB) in the epidermis and dermis. In the ex vivo micropig skin, stacking pulses of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 at a fluence of 0.3 J/cm2 generated distinct round to oval zones of tissue coagulation in the mid to lower dermis. High-speed cinematography captured various patterns of twinkling, micro-spot reactions on the skin surface over 100 stacked pulses of a picosecond laser treatment. Conclusion Multiple pulses of 1,064-nm, MLA-type, picosecond laser treatment elicit marked TI-LIOB reactions in the epidermis and areas of round to oval thermal coagulation in the mid to deep dermis.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Anthony Thomas Milliken, ELS (Editing Synthase, Seoul, Korea) for his help with the editing of this manuscript.

References

  1. Balu M, Lentsch G, Korta DZ, Konig K, Kelly KM, Tromberg BJ, et al. In vivo multiphoton-microscopy of picosecond-laser-induced optical breakdown in human skin. Lasers Surg Med 2017;49:555-62. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22655
  2. Tanghetti EA. The histology of skin treated with a picosecond alexandrite laser and a fractional lens array. Lasers Surg Med 2016;48:646-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22540
  3. Habbema L, Verhagen R, Van Hal R, Liu Y, Varghese B. Minimally invasive non-thermal laser technology using laser-induced optical breakdown for skin rejuvenation. J Biophotonics 2012;5:194-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201100083
  4. Brauer JA, Kazlouskaya V, Alabdulrazzaq H, Bae YS, Bernstein LJ, Anolik R, et al. Use of a picosecond pulse duration laser with specialized optic for treatment of facial acne scarring. JAMA Dermatol 2015;151:278-84. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3045
  5. Bernstein EF, Schomacker KT, Basilavecchio LD, Plugis JM, Bhawalkar JD. Treatment of acne scarring with a novel fractionated, dual-wavelength, picosecond-domain laser incorporating a novel holographic beam-splitter. Lasers Surg Med 2017;49:796-802. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22734
  6. Varghese B, Bonito V, Jurna M, Palero J, Verhagen MH. Influence of absorption induced thermal initiation pathway on irradiance threshold for laser induced breakdown. Biomed Opt Express 2015;6:1234-40. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.6.001234
  7. Tanghetti Md E, Jennings J. A comparative study with a 755nm picosecond Alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array and a 532nm/1064nm Nd:YAG with a holographic optic. Lasers Surg Med 2018;50:37-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22752
  8. Lee HC, Childs J, Chung HJ, Park J, Hong J, Cho SB. Pattern analysis of 532- and 1,064-nm picosecond-domain laser-induced immediate tissue reactions in ex vivo pigmented micropig skin. Sci Rep 2019;9:4186. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41021-7
  9. Chung HJ, Lee HC, Park J, Childs J, Hong J, Kim H, et al. Pattern analysis of 532- and 1064-nm microlens array-type, picosecond-domain laser-induced tissue reactions in ex vivo human skin. Lasers Med Sci 2019;34:1207-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-02711-2
  10. Lee HC, Chang DW, Lee EJ, Yoon HW. High-energy, sub-nanosecond linearly polarized passively Q-switched MOPA laser system. Opt Laser Technol 2017;95:81-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.04.024
  11. Uzunbajakava NE, Varghese B, Botchkareva NV, Verhagen R, Vogel A. Highlighting the nuances behind interaction of picosecond pulses with human skin: relating distinct laser-tissue interactions to their potential in cutaneous interventions. Proc SPIE 2018;10492:1049206.
  12. Guida S, Pellacani G, Bencini PL. Picosecond laser treatment of atrophic and hypertrophic surgical scars: In vivo monitoring of results by means of 3D imaging and reflectance confocal microscopy. Skin Res Technol 2019;25:896-902.
  13. Kim HK, Kim HJ, Hong JY, Park J, Lee HC, Lyu H, et al. Interactive tissue reactions of 1064-nm focused picosecond-domain laser and dermal cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid treatment in in vivo rat skin. Skin Res Technol 2020;26:683-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12853
  14. Kim JE, Hong JY, Lee HJ, Lee SY, Kim HJ. Picosecond-domain fractional laser treatment over hyaluronic acid fillers: in vivo and clinical studies. Lasers Surg Med. In press 2020.
  15. Na J, Zheng Z, Dannaker C, Lee SE, Kang JS, Cho SB. Electromagnetic initiation and propagation of bipolar radiofrequency tissue reactions via invasive non-insulated microneedle electrodes. Sci Rep 2015;5:16735. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16735