Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of cutting time on nutrient values, in vitro fermentation and methane production among three ryegrass cultivars

  • Wang, Chunmei (State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University) ;
  • Hou, Fujiang (State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University) ;
  • Wanapat, Metha (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Yan, Tianhai (Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute) ;
  • Kim, Eun Joong (Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Scollan, Nigel David (Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast)
  • Received : 2019.05.01
  • Accepted : 2019.09.10
  • Published : 2020.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The 3×3 factorial arrangement was used to investigate if either high water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) cultivars or suitable time of day that the grass cut could improve nutrient values and in vitro fermentation characteristics. Methods: The 3 cultivars were mowed at 3 diurnal time points and included a benchmark WSC ryegrass cultivar 'Premium', and 2 high WSC cultivars AberAvon and AberMagic, which contained, on average, 157, 173, and 193 g/kg dry matter (DM) of WSC, and 36.0, 36.5, and 34.1 g/kg DM of N during 7th regrowth stage, respectively. The fermentation jars were run at 39℃ with gas production recorded and sampled at 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 22, 28, 36, and 48 h. The rumen liquid was collected from 3 rumen fistulated cows grazing on ryegrass pasture. Results: High WSC cultivars had significantly greater WSC content, in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) and total gas production (TGP), and lower lag time than Premium cultivar. Methane production for AberMagic cultivar containing lower N concentration was marginally lower than that for AberAvon and Premium cultivars. Grass cut at Noon or PM contained greater WSC concentration, IVDMD and TGP, and lower N and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents, but CH4 production was also increased, compared to grass cut in AM. Meanwhile, the effects of diurnal cutting time were influenced by cultivars, such as in vitro CH4 production for AberMagic was not affected by cutting time. The IVDMD and gas production per unit of DM incubated were positively related to WSC concentration, WSC/N and WSC/NDF, respectively, and negatively related to N and NDF concentrations. Conclusion: These results imply either grass cut in Noon or PM or high WSC cultivars could improve nutrient values, IVDMD and in vitro TGP, and that AberMagic cultivar has a slightly lower CH4 production compared to AberAvon and Premium. Further study is necessary to determine whether the increase of CH4 production response incurred by shifting from AM cutting to Noon and/or PM cutting could be compensated for by high daily gain from increased WSC concentration and DM digestibility.

Keywords

References

  1. Smit HJ, Tas BM, Taweel HZ, Tamminga S, Elgersma A. Effects of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars on herbage production, nutritional quality and herbage intake of grazing dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci 2005;60:297-309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00480.x
  2. Stergiadis S, Allen M, Chen XJ, Wills D, Yan T. Prediction of nutrient digestibility and energy concentrations in fresh grass using nutrient composition. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:3257-73. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8587
  3. Brito AF, Tremblay GF, Bertrand A, et al. Alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage improves milk yield of late-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2008;91:3968-82. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1282
  4. Molano G, Clark H. The effect of level of intake and forage quality on methane production by sheep. Aust J Exp Agric 2008;48:219-22. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07253
  5. Pathak AK. Various factors affecting microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Vet World 2008;1:186-9.
  6. Wang CM, Zhao YG, Aubry A, Arnott G, Hou FJ, Yan T. Effects of concentrate Input on nutrient utilization and methane emissions of two breeds of ewe lambs fed fresh ryegrass. Translational Anim Sci 2019;3:485-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy106
  7. Kim EJ, Newbold CJ, Scollan ND. Effect of water-soluble carbohydrate in fresh forage on growth and methane production by growing lambs. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores; 2011 Sep 6-9; Aberystwyth, Wales, UK. Cambridge University Press; 2011. pp. 270.
  8. Miller LA, Moorby JM, Davies DR, et al. Increased concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.): milk production from late-lactation dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci 2001;56:383-94. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00288.x
  9. Lee MRF, Merry RJ, Davies DR, et al. Effect of increasing availability of water-soluble carbohydrates on in vitro rumen. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2003;104:59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00319-X
  10. Hoekstra NJ, Schulte RPO, Struik PC, Lantinga EA. Pathways to improving the N efficiency of grazing bovines. Eur J Agron 2007;26:363-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.12.002
  11. Staerfl SM, Amelchanka SL, Kalber T, Soliva CR, Kreuzer M, Zeitz JO. Effect of feeding dried high-sugar ryegrass ('Aber Magic') on methane and urinary nitrogen emissions of primiparous cows. Livest Sci 2012;150:293-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2012.09.019
  12. Ellis JK, Dijkstra J, France J, et al. Effect of high-sugar grasses on methane emissions simulated using a dynamic model. J Dairy Sci 2012;95:272-85. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011- 4385
  13. Brito AF, Tremblay GF, Lapierre H, et al. Alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage increases bacterial protein synthesis in late-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:1092-107. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1469
  14. Smit HJ, Elgersma A. Diurnal fluctuations in vertical distribution of chemical composition in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sward during the season. In: Proceedings of the 20th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, 2004; Lucerne, Switzerland. p. 951-3.
  15. Delagarde R, Peyraud JL, Delaby L, Faverdin P. Vertical distribution of biomass, chemical composition and pepsin--cellulase digestibility in a perennial ryegrass sward: interaction with month of year, regrowth age and time of day. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000;84:49-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00114-0
  16. Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev 1988;28:7-55.
  17. Van Soest PJ, Wine RH. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. J Assoc Official Anal Chem 1967;50:50-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/50.1.50
  18. Thomas TA. An automated procedure for the determination of soluble carbohydrates in herbage. J Sci Food Agric 1977;28:639-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740280711
  19. Schofield P, Pitt RE, Pell AN. Kinetics of fiber digestion from in vitro gas production. J Anim Sci 1994;72:2980-91. https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.72112980x
  20. Niderkorn VJ, Kim EJ, Hou FJ, Newbold CJ, Scollan ND. Methane production and microbial profile in the rumen from three high water-soluble carbohydrate perennial ryegrass monocultures differing in their heading dates using RUSITEC, In Proceedings of the XIth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology; 2009 Sep 6-9; Clermont-Ferrand, France. p. 296-7.
  21. Pelletier S, Tremblay GF, Belanger G, et al. Forage nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value as affected by time of cutting and species. Agron J 2010;102:1388-98. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0158
  22. Morin C, Belanger G, Tremblay GF, et al. Short Communication: Diurnal variations of nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value in timothy. Can J Plant Sci 2012;92:883-7. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-272
  23. Lechtenberg VL, Holt DA, Youngberg HW. Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrates, in vitro digestibility, and leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa. Agron J 1971;63:719-24. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1971.00021962006300050019x
  24. Youngberg HW, Holt DA, Lechtenberg VL. Diurnal variation in nitrogenous constituents of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Agron J 1972;64:288-91. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1972. 00021962006400030010x
  25. Burner DM, Belesky DP. Diurnal effects on nutritive value of alley-cropped orchardgrass herbage. Crop Sci 2004;44:1776-80. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.1776
  26. Alende M. Evaluation of high sugar ryegrass varieties [Thesis]. Clemson, SC, USA: Clemson University; 2016.
  27. Fanchone A, Noziere P, Portelli J, Duriot B, Largeau V, Doreau M. Effects of nitrogen underfeeding and energy source on nitrogen ruminal metabolism, digestion, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2013;91:895-906. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5296
  28. McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA, Sinclair LA, Wilkerson RG. Animal nutrition. 7th rev. ed. Essex. London, UK: Pearson Education Limited; 2011.
  29. Tang SX, Tayo GO, Tan ZL, et al. Effects of yeast culture and fibrolytic enzyme supplementation on in vitro fermentation characteristics of low-quality cereal straws. J Anim Sci 2007; 86:1164-72. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0438
  30. Lovett DK, McGilloway D, Bortolozzo A, et al. In vitro fermentation patterns and methane production as influenced by cultivar and season of harvest of Lolium perenne L. Grass Forage Sci 2006;61:9-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2006.00500.x
  31. Muck RE, Filya I, Contreras-Govea FE. Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: in vitro gas and volatile fatty acid production. J Dairy Sci 2007;90:5115-25. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006- 878
  32. Yanez-Ruiz DR, Bannink A, Dijkstra J, et al. Design, implementation and interpretation of in vitro batch culture experiments to assess enteric methane mitigation in ruminants-a review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016;216:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.016
  33. AFRC (Agricultural and Food Research Council). Energy and protein requirements for ruminants. Wallingford, UK: CAB International; 1993.
  34. Castillo AR, Kebreab E, Beever DE, et al. The effect of protein supplementation on nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage diets. J Anim Sci 2001;79:247-53. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.791247x
  35. Hynes DN, Stergiadis S, Gordon A, Yan T. Effects of crude protein level in concentrate supplements on animal performance and nitrogen utilization of lactating dairy cows fed fresh-cut perennial grass. J Dairy Sci 2016;99:8111-20. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11110

Cited by

  1. Effect of ryegrass hay and ryegrass silage, cut at two stages of development, on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and purine derivative excretion in growing sheep vol.20, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2021.2000342