중소기업연구 (Korean small business review)

한국중소기업학회 (The Korean Association of Small Business studies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

우리나라 가족기업의 연구동향과 과제

Korean Family Business Research : A Review and Agenda for Future Research

  • 남영호 (건국대학교 인문사회융합대학 경영학전공)
  • Nam, YoungHo (Department of Business Administration, KonKuk University)
  • 투고 : 2020.04.13
  • 심사 : 2020.05.08
  • 발행 : 2020.06.30
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 우리나라의 경제발전에 크게 이바지하는 가족기업의 성장·발전을 큰 목적으로 하되 구체적인 연구목적은 첫째로, 우리나라 가족기업의 연구동향과 현황을 고찰하고 이를 미국 등 선진국의 그것과 비교하여 본다. 둘째로, 우리나라의 가족기업 연구를 활성화시키기 위한 주요 과제를 살펴보고자 한다. 아울러 이 분야의 관심증대와 더불어 관련연구자를 증대시키려는 데에 이바지 하고자 한다. 본 논문의 연구대상은 우리나라에 가족기업이 본격적으로 연구되기 시작한 2006년부터 2018년까지 13년 동안 전문 학술지에 발표된 논문 212편과 석·박사 학위논문(일반대학원) 112편, 총계 324편을 대상으로 한다. 실증분석 결과 발표논문은 초기보다 점점 증가하고 있지만 최근에 들어와 다소 감소추세에 놓이고 있다. 또한 내용분석으로 가족기업의 정의는 구체적인 정의가 없거나 여러 학자들의 주장을 단순 나열한 논문이 학술지 57.5%. 학위논문 33.9%로 나타나고 있었다. 연구의 유형은 개념연구인 질적 연구는 소수이며 실증연구가 대부분을 차지하고 있었고, 연구주제 역시 학술지와 학위논문 모두 경영관리와 경영전략, 승계, 재무회계, 경영성과가 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 즉 우리나라 가족기업 관련 연구는 미국의 유아기에 해당한다고 볼 수 있겠다. 향후 과제는 첫째로, 가족기업 관련 이론구축과 더불어 본질적인 문제인 가족기업의 정의부터 고민하는 질적 연구의 증대에 좀 더 많은 노력을 기울어야겠다. 둘째로, 연구의 분석수준으로 기존의 개인, 집단, 조직에다가 가족을 중요한 분석수준으로 삼아야겠다. 셋째로, 연구주제와 연구영역의 확대를 꾀하여야겠다. 가족기업의 기존의 연구영역인 중소·중견기업 위주에서 대기업과 재벌도 포함하는 연구가 절실히 필요하다. 또한 연구의 주제도 가족기업의 특성인 학제적인 학문에 적합한 다양한 학문의 도입, 예를 들면 가족학, 심리학, 사회학의 이론도 적절히 도입하는 것이 필요하리라 여겨진다. 넷째로, 연구의 인프라 구축을 들 수 있겠다.

This study is aimed at the growth and development of family businesses that greatly contribute to Korea's economic development, but the specific research purpose is to firstly examine the research trends and current status of Korean family businesses and compare them with those of developed countries such as the United States. Second, I would like to look at the future research for revitalizing Korean family business research. In addition, we intend to contribute to increasing the interest in this field and the number of researchers involved. The research target of this paper is 212 papers published in professional academic journals for 13 years from 2006 to 2018 when family businesses began to be fully researched in Korea, 112 master's and doctoral dissertations (graduate schools), and 324 totals. As a result of empirical analysis, the number of published papers is increasing more than the initial ones, but it has been on the decline recently. In addition, 57.5% of the journals are papers that do not have specific definitions or simply list the claims of several scholars by analyzing content. Thesis was 33.9%. As for the type of research, qualitative research, which is a conceptual research, is a small number, and empirical research occupies most of the research topics. Research topics and academic dissertations also have a large proportion of management, management strategy, succession, financial accounting, and business performance. In other words, it can be said that the research on family business in Korea corresponds to the early childhood of the United States. First of all, in the future, we need to put more effort into increasing the qualitative research, starting with the definition of a family business, which is an essential problem, in addition to the theory building of family business. Second, as an analysis level of research, we should make family an important level of analysis for existing individuals, groups, and organizations. Third, the research subject and research area should be expanded. It is desperately necessary to study large companies including chaebols, mainly from small and medium-sized companies, which are the existing research areas of family business. In addition, it is considered that it is necessary to appropriately introduce various theories suitable for the interdisciplinary study, which is the characteristic of the family business, for example, theories of family science, psychology, and sociology. Fourth, it should build the research infrastructure.

키워드

과제정보

이 논문은 2019년도 건국대학교 KU학술연구비 지원에 의한 논문임.

참고문헌

  1. 구동모(2015), 「연구방법론」, 학현사.
  2. 권석감.주영삼(2012), "중국재벌 (가족)기업 발전패턴연구", 「경영컨설팅리뷰」, 제3권, 제1호, pp. 123~133.
  3. 김석웅(2002), "가족기업의 연구현황과 과제," 「중소기업연구」, 제24권, 제1호, pp.187~213
  4. 김선화.남영호(2011), "가족기업의 승계 프로세스 관련 이해관계자별 영향요인에 관한 문헌검토", 「중소기업연구」, 제33권, 제3호, pp.23~48.
  5. 김성태(2006), 「중소규모 가족기업의 승계전략에 관한 연구」, 건국대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
  6. Kim, S., S. Chae, and H. Lee.(2010), "The Effects of Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure over Conservatism of Accounting Information: Focusing on Family-Firm", 「Korean Management Review」, 제39권, 제3호, pp. 797-833.
  7. 김지희(1999), 「가족기업(Family Business) 가정에 관한 연구: 이론 및 실태를 중심으로」, 이화여자대학교 대학원 박사 학위논문.
  8. 남영호(2016), 「가족기업경영」, 형지사.
  9. 남영호(2009), "가족기업의 연구동향과 과제", 「중소기업연구」, 제31권, 제3호, pp.39~54.
  10. 도미니크 바르조(2013), "Family Strategies and Entrepreneurial Policies(가족 경영 전략과 기업 정책 - 제2제정기 프랑스 기업가정신에 관한 조사의 공헌도)", 「프랑스사연구」, 제29권, pp. 239~256.
  11. 문희진.최순규(2018), "가족경영과 기업 국제화 간의 관계: 성과 피드백의 조절효과를 중심으로", 「무역통상학회지」, 제18권, 제3호, pp. 1~26.
  12. 미셸 오.니콜라스 스토스코프(2013), "Family and Business in Alsace(알자스에서의 가족과 경영", 「프랑스사연구」, 제29권, pp. 257~276.
  13. 박기동(1981), 「한국 가족기업에 관한 연구」, 동아대 대학원 박사학위논문.
  14. 박선영(2016), "기업의 과잉투자의사결정이 기업성과에 미치는 영향: 가족지배기업을 중심으로", 「회계정보연구」, 제34권, 제3호, pp. 169~188.
  15. Xiang, Dai, Rongsen, Zhou, S.C. Kwak(2007), "중국 가족소유기업의 개혁에 대한 새로운 관점", 「질서경제저널」, 제10권, 제1호, pp. 21-37.
  16. 오민정(2019), "23년간(1996~2018) 국내학술연구의 '고령' 키워드로 살펴본 빅 데이터 분석", 「경영학연구」, 제48권, 제2호, pp. 515~532.
  17. 이경묵(2008), "인사.조직연구의 발전과 미래 과제: 인사.조직연구 게재논문과 한국인사.조직학회 학술대회 발표논문 분석결과를 중심으로", 「인사.조직연구」, 제16권, 제3호, pp. 161~211.
  18. 이재민(2011), 「가족기업에서의 승계가 기업성과에 미치는 영향: 창업자, 후세, 고용인」, 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
  19. 정민규.김병곤.김동욱(2015), "한국 가족기업의 대리인문제와 자본구조 의사결정", 「금융공학연구」, 제14권, 제3호, pp. 163-189.
  20. 조용언.박춘래.최미화(2011), "가족기업과 비가족기업의 조세공격성 차이", 「産業經濟硏究」, 제24권, 제3호, pp.1753-1783.
  21. 한국가족관계학회(2002), 「가족학이론」, 교문사.
  22. Aronoff, Craig E. and J.L. Ward(1995), "Family-owned business: A Thing of the past or a model for the future?", Family Business Review, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00121.x
  23. Astrachan, J.H., and M. Shanker, (2003), "Family businesses'contributions to the U. S. contribution to the U. S. economy: A Closer look", Family Business Review, Vol.16, No.3, pp.211-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865030160030601
  24. Bird Barbara, W. Harold, A. J. Astrachan, and P. David(2002), "Family business research: The evolution of an academic field" Family Business Review, Vol.15, No.4, pp. 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00337.x
  25. Brockhaus Robert H.(2004), "Family business succession: Suggestions for future research", Family Business Review, Vol.17, No.2, pp. 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00011.x
  26. Chrisman, J.J., j.H. Chua, and P. Sharma (2005), "Trends and directions in the development of a strategic management theory of the family firm" Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.29, No.5, pp.555-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00098.x
  27. Chua, J.H., J.J. Chrisman, and P. Sharma(1999), "Defining the family business by behavior", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402
  28. Chua, J.H., J.J. Chrisman, L.P. Steier(2003), "Extending the theoretical horizons of family business research", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.27, No.4, pp. 331-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00012
  29. Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., Steier, L. P., and Rau, S. B. (2012), Sources of heterogeneity in family firms: An introduction, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.36, No. pp.1103-1113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00540.x
  30. Colquitt Jason A., and Z.P. Cindy P. (2007), "Trends in theory building and theory testing: A Five-decade study of the Academy of Management Journal", Academy of Management Journal, Vol.50, No.6, pp. 1281-1303. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.28165855
  31. Daspit, J. J., D. T. Holt,, J. J. Chrisman, and R. G. Long(2016), "Examining family firm succession from a social exchange perspective: A multiphase, multi-stakeholder review", Family Business Review, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 44-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515599688
  32. De Massis Alfredo, F. Federico, and L. Ulrich (2012), "Research on technological innovation in family firms: Present debates and future directions", Family Business Review, Vol.26, No.1, pp. 10-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512466258
  33. Donnelley, Robert G.(1964), "The Family business", Harvard Business Review, Jul/Aug, Vol.42, No.4, pp. 93-105.
  34. Dyer, W. Gibb(2003), "The family: The missing variable in organizational research", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.27, No.4, pp. 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00018
  35. Dyer W.Gibb. Jr., and S. Marcelino (1998), "Current state of family business theory and practice as reflected in Family Business Review 1998-1997", Family Business Review, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1998.00287.x
  36. Evert, R. E., Martin, J. A., McLeod, M. S., and G. T. Payne, (2016), "Empirics in family business research: Progress, challenges, and the path ahead", Family Business Review, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 17-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515593869
  37. Feliu, N., and I. C. Botero (2016), "Philanthropy in family enterprises: A Review of literature", Family Business Review, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 121-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515610962
  38. Ghee Wee Yu, I. M. Dahlan and A.H. Hasliza (2015), "Family business succession planning: Unleashing the key factors of business performance", Asian Academy of Management Journal, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 103-126.
  39. Goel, S., and R. J. Jones(2016), "Entrepreneurial exploration and exploitation in family business: A systematic review and future directions", Family Business Review, Vo.29, No.1, pp. 94-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515625541
  40. Gomez-Mejia, L., M. Larraza-Kintana, and M. Makri(2003), "The Determinants of executive compensation in family-controlled public corporations", Academy of Management Journal, Vol.46, No.2, pp. 226-241. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040616
  41. Handler, Wendy C.(1989), "Methodological issues and considerations in studying family businesses", Family Business Review, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1989.00257.x
  42. Huybrechts, J., W. Voordeckers and N. Lybaert, (2012), "Entrepreneurial risk taking of private family firms: The influence of a nonfamily CEO and the moderating effect of CEO tenure", Family Business Review, Vol.26, No.2, pp. 161-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512469252
  43. James Albert E., E.J. Jennifer and B. Rhonda (2012), "Worlds apart? Rebridging the distance between family science and family business research", Family Business Review, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 87-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511414271
  44. Jaskiewicz, Peter and G.W. Dyer(2017), "Addressing the elephant in the room: Disentangling family heterogeneity to advance family business research", Family Business Review, Vol.30, No.2, pp. 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486517700469
  45. Kammerlander Nadine, and B. Nicola (2019), "Construals matter: Painting the big picture or drawing the brush strokes of the family firm", Family Business Review, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519864724
  46. Klein, S. B., J. H. Astrachan and K. X. Smyrnios(2005). The F-PEC scale of family influence: Construction, validation, and further implication for theory, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.29, No.3, pp. 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00086.x
  47. Laird Norton Tyee(LNT, 2007), Laird Norton Tyee Family Business Survey: Family to Family 2007, Laird Norton Tyee/Oregon State University.
  48. Lansberg, I., Perrow, E.l., and S. Rogolsky (1988), "Family business as an emerging field", Family Business Review, Vol.1, No.1, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1988.00001.x
  49. Leppaaho Tanja, P. Emmanuella, and D. Pavlos(2016), "The Case study in family business: An Analysis of current research practices and recommendations", Family Business Review, Vol.29, No.2, pp. 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515614157
  50. Litz, R.A., A.W. Pearson and S. Litchfield(2012), "Charting the future of family business research: Perspectives from the field", Family Business Review, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 16-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511418489
  51. Madison, Kristen., D. T. Holt, F. W. Kellermanns and A.L. Ranft(2016), "Viewing family firm behavior and governance through the lens of agency and stewardship theories", Family Business Review, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 65-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515594292
  52. Nelson Teresa, and C. Constantinidis (2017), "Sex and gender in family business succession research: A review and forward agenda from a social construction perspective", Family Business Review, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486517715390
  53. Payne G. Tyge, A.W. Pearson, and J.C. Carr(2017), "Process and variance modeling: Linking research questions to methods in family business research", Family Business Review, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516679749
  54. Payne G. Tyge(2018), "Reflections on family business research: Considering domains and theory", Family Business Review, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486518776550
  55. Reay, T. (2014). Publishing qualitative research, Family Business Review, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486514529209
  56. Reay, T., and Z. Zhang(2014). "Qualitative methods in family business research", In L. Melin, M. Nordqvist, & P.Sharma (Eds.), 「SAGE handbook of family business (pp.573-593)」, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  57. Seibert, S.E., M.L. Kraimer and R.C. Liden (2001), "A Social capital theory of career success", Academy of Management Journal, Vol.44, No.2, pp. 219-237. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069452
  58. Sharma, P., J.J. Chrisman, and K.E. Gersick (2012), "25 Years of Family Business Review: Reflections on the past and perspectives for the future", Family Business Review, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512437626
  59. Sharma P.(2004), "An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies: Current Status and Directions for the Future", Family Business Review, Vol.17, No.1, pp. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00001.x
  60. Sharma, P., J.J. Chrisman, and J.H. Chua(1996), A Review and Annotated Bibliography of Family Business Studies, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  61. Short Jeremy C., P. Sharma, G. and T. Lumpkin(2016), "Oh, the places we'll go! Reviewing past, present, and future possibilities in family business research", Family Business Review, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515622294
  62. Stavrou, Eleni, K. George, and F. Alexis(2007), "Downsizing and Stakeholder Orientation among the Fortune 500 : Does Family Ownership Matter", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 149-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9162-x
  63. Villalonga Belen and R. Amit(2006), "How do family management, ownership and control affect firm value", Journal of Financial Economics, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 385-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.12.005
  64. Westhead, P., and M. Cowling(1998), "Family firm research: The need for a methodological rethink", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 31-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879802300102
  65. Wirtz Amy(2020), "The Generational push and pull of defining today's family", The Family Business Advisor, 2020. Feb.03. The Family Business Consulting Group.
  66. Yu, A., G.T. Lumpkin, R.L. Sorenson and K.H. Brigam(2012), "The Landscape of family business outcomes: A Summary and numerical taxonomy of dependent variables", Family Business Review, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511430329
  67. Zachary, R.K., S.M. Danes and K. Stafford, (2013), "Extensions of the sustainable family business theory(SFBT): Operationalization and application. In K.X. Smyrnios, P.Z. Poutziouris, and S. Goel(eds), Handbook of Research on Family Business(pp.507-553), Cheltenham, England; Edward Elgar.
  68. Zahra S., and P. Sharma(2004), "Family business research: A strategic reflection", Family Business Review, Vol.17, No.4, pp. 331-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00022.x