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The Emerging Role of Eosinophils as Multifunctional Leukocytes in Health and Disease

  • Hyung Jin Kim (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University) ;
  • YunJae Jung (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University)
  • Received : 2020.04.22
  • Accepted : 2020.06.16
  • Published : 2020.06.30
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Abstract

Eosinophils are terminally differentiated cytotoxic effector cells that have a role in parasitic infections and allergy by releasing their granule-derived cytotoxic proteins. However, an increasing number of recent observations indicate that eosinophils are not only associated with the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, but also contribute to the maintenance of homeostatic responses in previously underappreciated diverse tissues, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and adipose tissue. In this review, we describe biological characteristics of eosinophils, as their developmental properties, permissive proliferation and survival, degranulation activity, and migration properties enable them to distribute to both homeostatic and inflamed tissues. We describe pathologic aspects of eosinophils with a role in asthma and in various GI diseases, including eosinophilic GI disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation-induced enteropathy. Finally, we discuss the beneficial role of eosinophils, which contribute to the resolution of pathogenic conditions and to the modulation of homeostatic biologic responses.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by funding from the National Research Foundation of Korea(2020R1A2C1003351), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of the Korean government.

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