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A Study on the Design Process and Characteristic of Frank Lloyd Wright works

F. L. Wright 작품들의 디자인 발전과정과 특성에 관한 연구

  • Hwang, Yong-Woon (Industry-Academy Cooperation Foundation, DongYang University)
  • 황용운 (동양대학교 산학협력중점)
  • Received : 2020.02.19
  • Accepted : 2020.05.08
  • Published : 2020.05.31

Abstract

The study analyzed how F. L. Wright's architectural design concept changed based on Taliesin West (1940). According to the analysis, F. L. Wright was also influenced by the ancient Mayan civilization in addition to the Froebel block and Japanese culture. Wright realized the design style of Mayan civilization directly at the Biltmore Hotel, which is located near Taliesin West. Later, Wright's architectural design elements changed considerably. In particular, the local characteristics of Arizona, where Taliesin West is located, desert climate, and Cherokee Red, the color of ocatilla cactus growing in the desert, have been applied in his symbolic colors of his architecture. The following is a summary of the changed design concepts compared to before 1940: 1) A square module was used for floor plans before 1940 that later changed to a design concept called a circle and spiral. 2) The form of a column that simply emphasized its verticality changed to various shapes. 3) The gable roofs used in the early days of Wright's architecture changed to various forms that rose into the sky after 1940. This change was seen as the culmination of potential experiences that had not been realized before 1940.

본 연구는 본격적인 작품이 이루어지는 1940년 전·후(탈리에신 웨스트를 기준)하여 라이트의 건축적 디자인 개념과 구성요소들이 어떻게 변화했는지를 조사·분석하였다. 분석 결과 라이트는 프뢰벨과 일본의 영향 외에도 고대 마야문명의 영향도 받았고 이를 탈리에신 웨스트 작업실을 시작하게 된 계기를 만들어 준 빌트모어 호텔에 직접 실현시켰다. 이후 라이트의 건축 디자인 구성요소들이 변화됨을 알 수 있었다. 특히 탈리에신 웨스트 작업실이 위치한 애리조나의 지역적 특성, 사막 기후를 고려했을 뿐 아니라 그 지역의 식물인 오코틸로 선인장 색인 체로키 레드를 자신의 상징적인 색으로 적용하였다. 그리고 1940년 이전과 비교하여 변화된 디자인 개념을 정리하면 1) 1940년 이전의 공간형성을 위한 정(방)방형의 모듈에서 이후에는 원과 나선형이라는 디자인 개념으로 변화하고 2) 단순히 수직성을 강조한 기둥의 형태가 다양한 모습으로 변화하였고 3) 라이트가 건축 초기 시절에 사용한 박공지붕이 1940년 이후에는 하늘을 향해 솟아나는 다양한 형태로 변화하였다. 이런 변화는 이전에 실현되지 못한 잠재된 자신의 다양한 경험들이 누적되어 나타난 결과임을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

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