참고문헌
- Abdelrazek HMA, Kilany OE, Muhammad MAA, Tag HM, Abdelazim AM. Black Seed Thymoquinone Improved Insulin Secretion, Hepatic Glycogen Storage, and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume, pp.1-10, 2018
- Abdel-Zaher AO, Abdel-Rahman MS, Elwasei FM. Protective effect of Nigella sativa oil against tramadol-induced tolerance and dependence in mice: role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Neurotoxicology, 2011;32(6):725-733 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2011.08.001
- Abel-Salam BK. Immunomodulatory effects of black seeds and garlic on alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rat. Allergologica et Immunopathological, 2012;40(6):336-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2011.07.002
- Abououf EA, Elhamshary AMS, Nagati IM, Eraky MA, Elkholy AA, Ibrahim AN, Omar GH. Effect Of Nigella sativa Oil On Schistosoma Mansoni Mature Worms In Experimentally Infected Mice. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2018; 48(1): 55-66 https://doi.org/10.21608/jesp.2018.77023
- Abul-Nasr SM, El-Shafey MDM, Osfor MMH. Amelioration by Nigella sativa of methotrexate induced toxicity in male albino rats: a biochemical, haematological and histological study. Scintia Agriculturae Bohemica, 2001;32:123-160.
- Aftab A, Yousaf Z, Javaid A, Riaz N, Younas A, Rashid M, Shamsheer HB, Chahel AA. Antifungal Activity of Vegetative Methanolic Extracts of Nigella sativa against Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina and its Phytochemical Profiling by GC-MS Analysis. International journal of agriculture & biology, 2019; 21: 569-576
- Agarwal C, Narula A, Vyas DK, Jacob D. Effect of seeds of kalaunji on fertility and sialic acid content of the reproductive organs of male rat. Geo Bios, 1990;17:269-272.
- Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Zoheir A, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2013;3(5): 337-352 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1
- AI-Jassir SM. Chemical composition and microflora of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds growing in Saudi Arabia. Food Chemistry, 1992;45: 239-242 https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90153-S
- Akhtar M, Maikiyo AM, Khanam R, Mujeeb M, Aqil M, Najmi AK. Ameliorating effects of two extracts of Nigella sativa in middle cerebral artery occluded rat. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Science, 2012;4(1):70-75. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.92740
- Aklaque N, Begum W. Therapeutic & pharmacological potential of Nigella sativa linn. In unani system of medicine: a review. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2018;7(12):153-158
- Al Mofleh IA, Alhaider AA, Mossa JS, Al-Sohaibani MO, Al-Yahya MA, Rafatullah S, et al. et al. Gastroprotective effect of an aqueous suspension of black cumin Nigella sativa on necrotizing agents-induced gastric injury in experimental animals. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 2008;14(3):128-134. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-3767.41731
- Al-Ali A, Alkhawajah AA, Randhawa MA, Shaikh NA. Oral and intraperitoneal LD50 of thymoquinone, an active principle of Nigella sativa, in mice and rats. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 2008;20(2):25-27.
- Alemi M, Sabouni F, Sanjarian F, Haghbeen K, Ansari S. Antiinflammatory effect of seeds and callus of Nigella sativa L. extracts on mix glial cells with regard to their thymoquinone content. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech, 2012
- Al-Ghamdi MS. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Nigella sativa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2001;76:45-48 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00216-1
- Ali BH. The effect of Nigella sativa oil on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2004;32(1):49-55 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X04001710
- Aljabre SH, Randhawa MA, Akhtar N, Alakloby OM, Alqurashi AM, Aldossary A. Antidermatophyte activity of ether extract of Nigella sativa and its active principle, thymoquinone. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005; 101(1-3): 116-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.002
- Al-Naggar TB, Gomez-Serranillos MP, Carretero ME, Villar AM. Neuropharmacological activity of Nigella sativa L. extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2003;88(1):63-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00157-0
- Al-Othman A M, Ahmad F, Al-Orf S, Al-Murshed KS, Ariff Z. Effect of dietary supplementation of Ellataria cardamun and Nigella sativa on the toxicity of rancid corn oil in rats. International Journal of Pharmocology, 2006; 2(1): 60-65. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2006.60.65
- Altan MF, Kanter M, Donmez S, Kartal ME, Buyukbas S. Combination therapy Nigella sativa and human parathyroid hormone on bone mass, biomechanical behavior and structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Acta Histochemica, 2007;109(4):304-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2007.02.006
- Althnaian T, Albokhadaim I, El-Bahr SM. Hepatic Gene Expression, Antioxidant Enzymes and Anti-diabetic Effect of Nigella sativa in Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Pharmacology, 2019; 15(2): 265-273. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2019.265.273
-
Andaloussi AB, Martineau LC, Spoor D, Vuong T, Leduc C, Joly E, Burt A, Meddah B, Settaf A, Arnason JT, Prentki M, Haddad PS. Antidiabetic Activity of Nigella sativa. Seed Extract in Cultured Pancreatic
${\beta}$ -cells, Skeletal Muscle Cells, and Adipocytes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2008;46(1-2): 96-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200701734810 - Andaloussi AB, Martineau L, Vuong T, Meddah B, Madiraju P, Settaf A, Haddad PS. The in vivo antidiabetic activity of Nigella sativa is mediated through activation of the AMPK pathway and increased muscle glut4 content. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011; 2011:538671.
- Anonymous. Standardization of Single Drugs Of Unani Medicine. CCRUM, 1992; II:196-200
- Anonymous. The Unani Pharmacopoeia Of India (First Edition) .Ministry Of Health & Family Welfare Government Of India. YNM
- Aqel M, Shaheen R. Effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds on the uterine smooth muscle of rat and guinea pig. Journal of Ethnopharmacy, 1996;52(1):23-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01330-X
- Arefin Z, Hossain MN, Rahmatullah M. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a polyherbal formulation of Nigella sativa and Brassica alba seeds. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2018;7(13):1200-1206
- Askari G, Rouhani MH, Ghaedi E, Ghavami A, Nouri M, Mohammadi H. Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) supplementation on glycemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytotherapy Research, 2019;33(5):1341-1352 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6337
- Assayed ME. Radioprotective effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) oil against hemopoietic damage and immunosuppression in gamma-irradiated rats. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2010;32(2):284-296. https://doi.org/10.3109/08923970903307552
- Bakathir HA, Abbas NA. Detection of the antibacterial effect of Nigella sativa ground seeds with water. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011; 8(2): 159-164
- Bamosa AO, Kaatabi H, Lebdaa FM, Elq AM, Al-Sultanb A. Effect of Nigella sativa seeds on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2010; 54(4):344-354.
- Bodaghi MN, Darabi Z, Agah S, Hekmatdoost A. The effects of Nigella sativa on quality of life, disease activity index, and some of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors in patients with ulcerative colitis. Phytotherapy Research, pp.1-6, 2009
- Boskabady MH, Javan H, Sajady M, Rakhshandeh H. The possible prophylactic effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in asthmatic patients. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 2007;21(5):559-566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00509.x
- Boskabady MH, Keyhanmanesh R, Khameneh S, Doostdar Y, Khakzad MR. Potential immunomodulation effect of the extract of Nigella sativa on ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2011;12(3):201-209. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1000163
- Boskabady MH, Keyhanmanesh R, Saadatloo MA. Relaxant effects of different fractions from Nigella sativa L. on guinea pig tracheal chains and its possible mechanism(s). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2008;46(12):805-810.
- Boskabady MH, Mohsenpoor N, Takaloo L. Antiasthmatic effect of Nigella sativa in airways of asthmatic patients. Phytomedicine, 2010;17(10):707-713 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.01.002
- Bourgou S, Pichette A, Marzouk B, Legault J. Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities of extracts from Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) plant parts. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2012; 36(5): 539-546. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00567.x
- Butt AS, Nisar N, Ghani N, Altaf I, Mughal TA. Isolation of thymoquinone from Nigella sativa L. and Thymus vulgaris L., and its anti-proliferative effect on HeLa cancer cell lines. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2019;18(1): 37-42 https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i1.6
- Butt UJ, Shah SAA, Ahmed T, Zahid S. Protective effects of Nigella sativa L. seed extract on lead induced neurotoxicity during development and early life in mouse models. Toxicology Research, 2018; 7: 32-40 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TX00201G
- Canayakin D, Bayir Y, Baygutalp NK, Karaoglan ES, Atmaca HT, Ozgeris FBK, Keles MS, Halici Z. Paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats: the protective role of Nigella sativa. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016;54(10):2082-91 https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2016.1145701
- Chaieb K, Kouidhi B, Jrah H, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. Antibacterial activity of Thymoquinone, an active principle of Nigella sativa and its potency to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011;11:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-29
- Chehl N, Chipitsyna G, Gong Q, Yeo CJ, Arafat HA. Antiinflammatory effects of the Nigella sativa seed extract, thymoquinone, in pancreatic cancer cells. HPB (Oxford) 2009;11(5):373-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-2574.2009.00059.x
- Duncker SC, Philippe D, Martin-Paschoud C, Moser M, Mercenier A, Nutten S. Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) seed extract alleviates symptoms of allergic diarrhea in mice, involving opioid receptors. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039841
- Dymock W, Warden C.J.H, Hooper D. Pharmacographia Indica. Srishti Book Distributors, pp.28, 2005
- Ebru U, Burak U, Yusuf S, Reyhan B, Arif K, Faruk TH, et al. Cardioprotective effects of Nigella sativa oil on cyclosporine A-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2008;103:574-80 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00313.x
- El Mezayen R, El Gazzar M, Nicolls MR, Marecki JC, Dreskin SC, Nomiyama H. Effect of thymoquinone on cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin production in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Immunology Letter, 2006;106(1):72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2006.04.012
- El Shenawy NS, Soliman MF, Reyad SI. The effect of antioxidant properties of aqueous garlic extract and Nigella sativa as anti schistosomiasis agents in mice. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 2008; 50(1): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652008000100007
- El-Abhar HS, Abdallah DM, Saleh S. Gastroprotective activity of Nigella sativa oil and its constituent, thymoquinone, against gastric mucosal injury induced by ischaemia/reperfusion in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2003;84(2-3):251-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00324-0
- El-Rabey HA, Al-Seeni MN, Bakhashwain AS. The Antidiabetic Activity of Nigella sativa and Propolis on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017
- Ezz HS, Khadrawy YA, Noor NA. The neuroprotective effect of curcumin and Nigella sativa oil against oxidative stress in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy: a comparison with valproate. Neurochemical Research, 2011;36(11):2195-2204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-011-0544-9
- Fanoudi S, Alavi MS, Hosseini M, Sadeghnia HR. Nigella sativa and thymoquinone attenuate oxidative stress and cognitive impairment following cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Metabolic Brain Disease, 2019
- Fathy M, Nikaido T. In vivo attenuation of angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by Nigella sativa. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;48:178-186 https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1701-86
- Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BSF, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2014;17(12)
- Gendy E, Hessien M, Abdel Salamm I, Moradm MEL, Magrabym K, Ibrahimm HA, et al. Evaluation of the possible antioxidant effects of Soybean and Nigella sativa during experimental hepatocarcinogenesis by nitrosamine precursors. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 2007;32(1):5-11.
- Ghani MN. Khazainul -advia. Aijaz Publication House, YNM; 3: 389-390
- Ghonime M, Eldomany R, Abdelaziz A, Soliman H. Evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of three herbal plants growing in Egypt. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2011;33(1):141-145. https://doi.org/10.3109/08923973.2010.487490
- Gilhotra N, Dhingra D. Thymoquinone produced antianxietylike effects in mice through modulation of GABA and NO levels. Pharmacological Reports. 2011;63(3):660-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1734-1140(11)70577-1
- Gokce A, Oktar S, Koc A, Yonden Z. Protective effects of thymoquinone against methotrexate-induced testicular injury. Human and Experimental Toxicology, 2011;30(8):897-903. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327110382564
- Hadjzadeh MA, Keshavarzi Z, Yazdi TSA, Ghasem SM, Rajaei Z, Khajavi Rad A. Effect of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa on cisplatin-induced toxicity in rat. Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2012;6(2):99-104.
- Hakeem AH. Bustanul Muffradat. pp. 258, YNM
- Halamova K, Kokoska L, Flesar J, Sklenickova O, Svobodova B, Marsik P. In vitro antifungal effect of black cumin seed quinones against dairy spoilage yeasts effect of black cumin seed quinones against dairy spoilage yeasts at different acidity levels. Journal of Food protection, 2010;73(12):2291-2295 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-73.12.2291
- Halawani E. Antibacterial Activity of Thymoquinone and Thymohydroquinone of Nigella sativa L. and Their Interaction with Some Antibiotics. Advances in Biological Research, 2009;3(5-6):148-152
- Hannan A, Saleem S, Chaudhary S, Barka M, Arshad MU. Antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 2008;20(3):72-74.
- Harzallah HJ, Grayaa R, Kharoubi W, Maaloul A, Hammami M, Mahjoub T. Thymoquinone, the Nigella sativa bioactive compound, prevents circulatory oxidative stress caused by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in erythrocyte during colon post initiation carcinogenesis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012; 854065.
- Hossein BM, Nasim V, Sediqa A. The protective effect of Nigella sativa on lung injury of sulfur mustard-exposed Guinea pigs. Experimental Lung Research, 2008;34(4):183-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/01902140801935082
- Hosseinia M, Ghasemia S, Hadjzadehb MR, Ghorbanic A, Aghilib S, Aghaeic A, Soukhtanlood M, Beheshtie F. Administration of Nigella sativa during neonatal and juvenile growth period improved liver function of propylthiouracilinduced hypothyroid rats. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, pp.1476-4954, 2018
- Hosseinian S, Bideskan AE, Shafei1 MN, Sadeghnia HR, Soukhtanloo M, Shahraki S, Noshahr ZS, Rad AK. Nigella sativa extract is a potent therapeutic agent for renal inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Phytotherapy Research, pp.1-9, 2018
- Hosseinzadeh H, Bazzaz BSF, Haghi MM. Antibacterial Activity of Total Extracts and Essential oil of Nigella sativa L. Seeds in Mice. Pharmacolgyonline, 2007;2:429-435
- Hosseinzadeh H, Parvardeh S, Asl MN, Sadeghnia HR, Ziaee T. Effect of thymoquinone and Nigella sativa seeds oil on lipid peroxidation level during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hippocampus. Phytomedicine, 2007;14(9):621-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.005
- Ikhsan M, Hiedayati N, Maeyama K, Nurwidya F. Nigella sativa as an anti-inflammatory agent in asthma. BMC Research Notes, 2018;11:744 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3858-8
- Kabirruddin H. Makhaznul Muffradat. pp. 460-461, YNM
- Kamal SM, Lsharkawy RTE, Abdelmoneim RA. Effect of Nigella sativa on the integrity of parotid salivary gland of albino rats and its activity for insulin and glucagon. Journal of American Science, 2012;8(12):1168-1172.
- Kanter M, Akpolat M, Aktas C. Protective effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds on beta-cell damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a light and electron microscopic study. Journal of Molecular Histology, 2009; 40(5-6):379-385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-009-9251-0
- Kanter M. Effects of Nigella sativa seed extract on ameliorating lung tissue damage in rats after experimental pulmonary aspirations. Acta Histochemical, 2009;111(5):393-403 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2008.10.008
- Kapoor S. Emerging clinical and therapeutic applications of Nigella sativa in gastroenterology. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2009;7:2170-217153. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.2170
- Kaur G, Invally M, Khan MK, Jadhav P. A nutraceutical combination of Cinnamomum cassia & Nigella sativa for Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2018; 9: 27-37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.02.005
- Keshri G, Singh MM, Lakshmi V, Kamboj VP. Post-coital contraceptive efficacy of the seeds of Nigella sativa in rats. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1995;39(1):59-62.
- Khader M, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. In vitro toxicological properties of thymoquinone. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2009;47(1):129-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.019
- Khaled AAS. Gastroprotective effects of Nigella sativa oil on the formation of stress gastritis in hypothyroidal rats. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 2009;1:143-149.
- Khan MA. Muheete- Azam. CCRUM, 2014;3:382-385
- Khan MAU, Ashfaq MK, Zuberi HS, Mahmood MS, Gilani AH. The In Vivo Antifungal Activity of the Aqueous Extract from Nigella sativa Seeds. Phytotherapy Research, 2003;17:183-186 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1146
- Khan N, Sultana S. Inhibition of two stage renal carcinogenesis, oxidative damage and hyperproliferative response by Nigella sativa. European journal of Cancer Prevention, 2005;14(2):159-168. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200504000-00012
- Khosravi AR, Minooeianhaghighi MH, Shokri H, Emami SA, Alavi SM, Asili J. The potential inhibitory effect of cuminum cyminum, ziziphorac linopodioides and Nigella sativa essential oils on the growth of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus flavus. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2011;42: 216-224 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822011000100027
- Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plant. International Book Distributor, 1987;1(2):11-12
- Kumbhakara DV, Dattaa AK, Dasa D, Ghosha B, Pramanika A, Gupta S. Assessment of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity and cellular apoptosis in a plant based system (Nigella sativa L.; black cumin) induced by copper and cadmium sulphide nanomaterials. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 2019;11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2017.04.001
- Lei X, Liu M, Yang Z, Ji M, Guo X, Dong W. Thymoquinone Prevents and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Digestive Disease and Science, 2012;57(9):2296-2303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2156-x
- Lei X, Lv X, Liu M, Yang Z, Ji M, Guo X. Thymoquinone inhibits growth and augments 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, 2012; 417(2):864-868 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.063
- LorestaniHZ, Ahmadabadi AN, Balak F, Hasanzadeh G, Sabzevari O. Protective role of thymoquinone against paraquatinduced hepatotoxicity in mice. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2018;148:16-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.006
- Magdy MA, Hanan el-A, Nabila el-M. Thymoquinone: Novel gastroprotective mechanisms. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2012;697(1-3):126-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.042
- Mahmoud SS, Torchilin VP. Hormetic/cytotoxic effects of Nigella sativa seed alcoholic and aqueous extracts on MCF-7 breast cancer cells alone or in combination with doxorubicin. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2012; 25(7):1392-1398
- Mahmoudvand H, Sepahvand A, Jahanbakhsh S, Ezatpour B, Mousavi SAA. Evaluation of antifungal activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Nigella sativa and its main component, thymoquinone against pathogenic dermatophyte strains. Journal de MycologieMedicale, 2014; 482: 7
- Majdalawieh AF, Hmaidan R, Carr RI. Nigella sativa modulates splenocyte proliferation, Th1/T2 cytokine profile, macrophage function and NK anti-tumor activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010; 131(2):268-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.030
- Mariod AA, Ibrahim RM, Ismail M, Ismail N. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake. Food Chemistry, 2009; 116(1): 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.051
- Mechraoui O, Ladjel S, Nedjimi MS, Belfar ML, Moussaoui Y. Determination of polyphenols content, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa L. seed phenolic extracts. Scientific study & research-Chemistry & chemical engineering, biotechnology, food industry, 2018;19(4): 411 - 421
- Merfort I, Wray V, Barakat HH, Hussein SAM, Nawwar M, Willuhn G. Flavonol triglycosides from seeds of Nigella sativa. Phytochemistry, 1997;46(2):359-363 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00296-3
- Mohamed A, Waris HM, Ramadan H, Quereshi M, Kalra J. Amelioration of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (cr-eae) using thymoquinone-biomed 2009. Biomedical Science Instrumentation, 2009; 45:274-279.
- Mohamed AM, Metwally NM, Mahmoud SS, Nigella sativa seeds against Schistosoma mansoni different stages. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2005; 100(2): 205-211.
- Morsi NM. Antimicrobial effect of crude extracts of Nigella sativa on multiple antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Acta Microbiologica Polonica, 2000; 49(1): 63-74.
- Mouwakeh A, Kincses A, Nove M, Mosolygo T, Farkas CM, Kisko G, Spengler G. Nigella sativa essential oil and its bioactive compounds as resistance modifiers against Staphylococcus aureus. Phytotherapy Research, 2019;3:1010-1018
- Mouwakeh A, Telbisz A, Spengler G, Farkas CM, Kisko G. Antibacterial and Resistance Modifying Activities of Nigella sativa Essential Oil and its Active Compounds Against Listeria monocytogenes. In vivo, 2018;32: 737-743 https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.11302
- Nagi MN, Al-Shabanah OA, Hafez MM, Sayed-Ahmed MM. Thymoquinone supplementation attenuates cyclophosphamideinduced cardiotoxicity in rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2011;25:135-42 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20369
- Najmi A, Haque SF, Naseeruddin M, Khan RA. Effect of Nigella sativa oil on various Clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2008; 16:85-87
- Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Zia S, Marzouqi F, Al-Dhaheri A, Subramaniyan D, et al. et al. Contrasting actions of diesel exhaust particles on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems and the effects of thymoquinone. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2011;164(7):1871-1882. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01442.x
- Ng WK, Yazan LS, Ismail M. Thymoquinone from Nigella sativa was more potent than cisplatin in eliminating of SiHa cells via apoptosis with down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein. Toxicology In vitro, 2011;25(7):1392-1398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.030
- Nickavara B, Mojaba F, Javidniab K, Amolia MAR. Chemical Composition of the Fixed and Volatile Oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Z. Naturforsch, 2003;58c: 629-631
- Nikakhlagh S, Rahim F, Aryani FH, Syahpoush A, Brougerdnya MG, Saki N. Herbal treatment of allergic rhinitis: the use of Nigella sativa. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 2011;32(5):402-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2010.07.019
- Onsa RAH, Muna EA, Hassan SAA. Detection of Antibacterial Activity of the Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Seed Extract against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (Mmm). International Journal of Pathogen Research, 2019; 2(1): 1-6
- Paarakh MP. Nigella sativa Linn- A Comprehensive Review. Indian journal of natural product and resources, 2010;1(4):409-429
- Pari L, Sankaranarayanan C. Beneficial effects of thymoquinone on hepatic key enzymes in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Life Science, 2009; 85(23-26):830-834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.021
-
Peng L, Liu A, Shen Y, Xu HZ, Yang SZ, Ying XZ, et al. et al. Antitumor and anti-angiogenesis effects of thymoquinone on osteosarcoma through the NF-
${\kappa}B$ pathway. Oncology Reports, 2013; 29(2):571-578. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2165 - Perveen T, Abdullah A, Haider S, Sonia B, Munawar AS, Haleem DJ. Long-term administration of Nigella sativa effects nociceotion and improves learning and memory in rats. Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2008;41(3):141-143
- Perveen T, Haider S, Kanwal S, Haleem DJ. Repeated administration of Nigella sativa decreases 5-HT turnover and produces anxiolytic effects in rats. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2009;22(2):139-144.
- Phulwaria R, Kaushal K, Sharma AK, Mishra RC, Soni P. A review on folklore uses and therapeutic indications of Nigella sativa - a miracle herb. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2019; 8(1):1369-1379.
- Pichette A, Marzouk B, Legault J. Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities of extracts from Nigella sativa (black cumin) plant parts. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2012; 36(5):539-546 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00567.x
- Randhawa MA, Gondal MA, Al-Zahrani AHJ, Rashid SG, Ali A. Synthesis, morphology and antifungal activity of nanoparticulated amphotericin-B, ketoconazole and thymoquinone against Candida albicans yeasts and Candida biofilm. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 2015;50:119-24 https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2015.975042
- Rani R, Dahiya S, Dhingra D, Dilbaghi N, Kim KH, Kumar S. Improvement of antihyperglycemic activity of nanothymoquinone in rat model of type-2 diabetes. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2018; 295:119-132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.006
- Ranjbaran H, Abediankenari S, Amiri MM. Enhanced Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Insulin-Producing Cells by the Extract of Nigella sativa Seeds. Iran Red Crescent Medical Journal, 2018; 20(3): 62111
- Raza M, Alghasham AA, Alorainy MS, El-Hadiyah TM. Potentiation of valproate-induced anticonvulsant response by Nigella sativa seed constituents: the role of GABA receptors. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2008;2(1):15-25
- Reddy SH, Al-Kalbani AS, Al-Rawahi AS. Studies on phytochemical screening - GC-MS characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant assay of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) and senna alexandria (Cassia angustifolia) solvent extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2018;9(2):490-497
- Rogozhin EA, Oshchepkova YI, Odintsova TI, Khadeeva NV, Veshkurova ON, Egorov TA, Grishin EV, Salikhov SI. Novel antifungal defensins from Nigella sativa L. seeds. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2011;49:131-137 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.10.008
- Sala AV. Indian medicinal plant. Orient Longman Ltd, 1997;4:139
- Salama RH. Hypoglycemic effect of lipoic acid, carnitine and Nigella sativa in diabetic rat model. International Journal of Health Science, 2011;5(2):126-134
- Saleem U, Ahmad B, Rehman K, Mahmood S, Alam M, Erum A. Nephro-protective effect of vitamin C and Nigella sativa oil on gentamicin associated nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2012;25(4):727-730.
- Salem EM, Yar T, Bamosa AO, Al-Quorain A, Yasawy MI, Alsulaiman RM, et al. Comparative study of Nigella sativa and triple therapy in eradication of Helicobacter Pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 2010;16(3):207-214. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-3767.65201
- Salem ML, Alenzi FQ, Attia WY. Thymoquinone, the active ingredient of Nigella sativa seeds, enhances survival and activity of antigen-specific CD8-positive T cells in vitro. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2011; 68(3):131-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09674845.2011.11730340
- Salim EI. Cancer chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa L., in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay. Oncology Letters, 2010;1(5):913-924 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol_00000162
- Satyavati GV, Gupta AK. Medicinal Plants of India. Indian Council of Medical Research, 1987; 2: 337-342
- Sayed-Ahmed MM, Nagi MN. Thymoquinone supplementation prevents the development of gentamicin-induced acute renal toxicity in rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2007;34(5-6):399-405 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04560.x
- Shafi G, Hasan TN, Sayed NA. Methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa seed as potent lonogenic inhibitor of PC-3 cells. International Journal of Pharmacology, 2008;4(6):477-481. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2008.477.481
- Shah SB, Shah SIA, Sartaj L, Zaman S, Bilal M, Salman M. Effect of Nigella sativa seeds extracts on clinically important bacterial and fungal species. MOJ Bioequivalence & Bioavailability, 2018; 5(4)
- Shuid AN, Mohamed N, Mohamed IN, Othman F, Suhaimi F, Mohd Ramli ES, Mohamed N, Soelaiman IM. Nigella sativa: A potential antiosteoporotic agent. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012; 2012:696230 https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/696230
- Sogut B, Celik I, Tuluce Y. The effects of diet supplemented with the black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) upon immune potential and antioxidant marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2008; 7(10): 1196-1199.
- Sultana S, Asif HM, Akhtar N, Iqbal A, Nazar H, Rehman R. Nigella sativa: Monograph. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2015;4(4):103-106
- Tabassum H, Ahmad IZ. Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Sprout Extract-Loaded Nanoemulsion of N.sativa against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Journal of Microencapsulation, 2019;35(7-8): 643-656 https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2019.1571641
- Tasar N, Sehirli O, Yiginer O, Soleymanoglu S, Yoksel M, Yegen B, et al. Protective effects of Nigella sativa against hypertension-induced oxidative stress and cardiovascular dysfunction in rats. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 2012;16:141-9.
- Tayman C, Cekmez F, Kafa IM, Canpolat FE, Cetinkaya M, Tonbul A. Protective effects of Nigella sativa oil in hyperoxiainduced lung injury. Archivos de Bronconeumologica, 2012;49(1):15-21.
- Tayman C, Cekmez F, Kafa IM, Canpolat FE, Cetinkaya M, Uysal S. Beneficial effects of Nigella sativa oil on intestinal damage in necrotizing enterocolitis. Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2012;25(5):286-294. https://doi.org/10.3109/08941939.2011.639849
- Tembhurne SV, Feroz S, More BH, Sakarkar DM. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa (kalonji) seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research,2014;8(3):167-177
- Torres MP, Ponnusamy MP, Chakraborty S, Smith LM, Das S, Arafat HA. Effects of thymoquinone in the expression of mucin 4 in pancreatic cancer cells: implications for the development of novel cancer therapies. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2010;9(5):1419-1431. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0075
- Ulu R, Dogukan A, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Ulas M, Ilhan N. Regulation of renal organic anion and cation transporters by thymoquinone in cisplatin induced kidney injury. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012;50(5):1675-1679 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.082
- Umar S, Zargan J, Umar K, Ahmad S, Katiyar CK, Khan HA. Modulation of the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine response by thymoquinone in the collagen induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Chemico- Biological Interaction, 2012;197(1):40-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2012.03.003
- Ustuna R, Oguzb EK, Sekera A, Korkaya H. Thymoquinone prevents cisplatin neurotoxicity in primary DRG neurons. Neurotoxicology, 2018;69: 68-76 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2018.09.001
- Uz E, Bayrak O, Uz E, Kaya A, Bayrak R, Uz B, et al. Nigella sativa oil for prevention of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: an experimental model. American Journal of Nephrology, 2008;28(3):517-522. https://doi.org/10.1159/000114004
- Wienkotter N, Hopner D, Schutte U, Bauer K, Begrow F, El-Dakhakhny M, et al. The effect of nigellone & thymoquinone on inhibiting trachea contraction and mucociliary clearance. Plant Medicine, 2008;74(2):105-108. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1034280
-
Woo CC, Loo SY, Gee V, Yap CW, Sethi G, Kumar AP, et al. et al. Anticancer activity of thymoquinone in breast cancer cells: possible involvement of PPAR-
${\gamma}$ pathway. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2011;82(5):464-475 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.030 - Wu ZH, Chen Z, Shen Y, Huang LL, Jiang P. Anti-metastasis effect of thymoquinone on human pancreatic cancer. Yao Xue Xue Bao, 2011; 46(8):910-914.
- Yaman I, Balikci E. Protective effects of Nigella sativa against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 2010;62(2):183-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2009.03.006
- Yildiz F, Coban S, Terzi A, Ates M, Aksoy N, Cakir H, et al. et al. Nigella sativa relieves the deleterious effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on liver. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2008;14(33):5204-520952. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.5204
- Yildiz F, Coban S, Terzi A, Savas M, Bitiren M, Celik H. Protective effects of Nigella sativa against ischemia-reperfusion injury of kidneys. Renal Failure, 2010;32(1):126-131 https://doi.org/10.3109/08860220903367577
- Younus H. Antidiabetic Action of Thymoquinone. Molecular and Therapeutic actions of Thymoquinone. (Singapore: Springer), pp.7-17. 2018
- Zafeer MF, Waseem M, Chaudhary S, Parvez S. Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and its abrogation by thymoquinone. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2012;26(5):199-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.21402
- Zaoui A, Cherrah Y, Mahassini N, Alaoui K, Amarouch H, Hassar M. Acute and chronic toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil. Phytomedicine, 2002;9(1):69-74. https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00084