Journal of Species Research

The National Institute of Biological Resources (국립생물자원관)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Four new records of family Diphyidae (Hydrozoa: Siphonophorae) in Korean waters

  • Park, Nayeon (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University) ;
  • Lee, Wonchoel (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University)
  • Received : 2019.10.30
  • Accepted : 2020.04.30
  • Published : 2020.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Siphonophores are unique, gelatinous zooplankton, which many individuals gather and live like one "Superorganism". The role of individuals in the colony differs greatly depending on their morphological difference, making them more unique. In this study, we report four species belonging to Diphyidae Quoy and Gaimard, 1827 sampled from the South Sea and off Jeju Island, Korea. Two Chelophyes Totton, 1932 (C. appendiculata (Eschscholtz, 1829); C. contorta (Lens and van Riemsdijk, 1908)) and two Eudoxoides Huxley, 1859 (E. mitra (Huxley, 1859); E. spiralis (Bigelow, 1911)) species are described with multi-focus stacked digital images. Our findings update the confirmed order Siphonophorae Eschscholtz, 1829 in Korea to be three suborders, five families, eight genera, and 13 species. In addition, we summarize the synonyms and global distributions of these four newly recorded species in Korean waters.

Keywords

References

  1. Alvarino, A. 1974. Distribution of siphonophores in the regions adjacent to the Suez and Panama Canals. Fishery Bulletin 72(2):527-546.
  2. Alvarino, A. 1991. Abundancia y distribucion batimetrica diurna y nocturna de los sifonoforos durante las cuatro estaciones del ano 1969, en aguas de California y Baja California. Investigaciones marinas CICIMAR, 6:1-37.
  3. Andersen, V., A. Gubanova, P. Nival and T. Ruellet. 2001. Zooplankton community during the transition from spring bloom to oligotrophy in the open NW Mediterranean and effects of wind events. 2. Vertical distributions and migrations. Journal of Plankton Research 23(3):243-261. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/23.3.243
  4. Ayon, P., M.I. Criales-Hernandez, R. Schwamborn and H.J. Hirche. 2008. Zooplankton research off Peru: a review. Progress in Oceanography 79(2-4):238-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2008.10.020
  5. Bedot, M. 1896. Les Siphonophores de la Baie d'Amboine: Etude Suivie d'une Revision de la Famille des Agalmidae. Revue suisse de zoologie 3(3):367-414. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.75139
  6. Bigelow, H.B. 1911. The Siphonophorae. Reports on the scientific research expedition to the tropical Pacific. Albatross XXIII. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 38(2):173-401.
  7. Bigelow, H.B. 1928. Hydromedusae, siphonophores and ctenophores of the "Albatross" Philippine Expedition. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent region. Bulletin United States National Museum 100(1):279-362.
  8. Bouillon, J. and F. Boero. 2000. The Hydrozoa: A new classification in the light of old knowledge. Thalassia Salentina 24:1-45.
  9. Bouillon, J., M.D. Medel, F. Pages, J.M. Gili, F. Boero and C. Gravili. 2004. Fauna of the Mediterranean hydrozoa. Scientia Marina 68:5-438.
  10. Cairns, S.D., L.A. Gerhswin, F. Brook, P.R. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, V.O. Ocana, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.J. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J. Sanchez and D.G. Fautin. 2009. Phylum cnidaria; corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoa. New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 59-101.
  11. Daniel, R. 1985. The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Coelenterata: Hydrozoa, Siphonophora. Zoological Survey of India Publication, Calcutta, India.
  12. Dunn, C.W. and G.P. Wagner. 2006. The evolution of colony-level development in the Siphonophora (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Development Genes and Evolution 216(12):743-754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-006-0101-8
  13. Dunn, C.W., P.R. Pugh and S.H.D. Haddock. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics of the Siphonophorae (Cnidaria), with implications for the evolution of functional specialization. Systematic Biology 54:916-935. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150500354837
  14. Eschscholtz, F. 1829. System der Acalephen. Eine ausfuhrliche Beschreibung aller medusenartigen Strahltiere. Ferdinand Dummler, Berlin. pp. 1-190.
  15. Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (Eds.). 2009. Gulf of Mexico origin, waters, and biota: Biodiversity. Texas A and M University Press, Texas.
  16. Fraser, J. 1967. I. - Siphonophora in the Plankton to the North and West of the British Isles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biology 70(1):1-30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080455X00001260
  17. Gamulin, T. and F. Krsinic. 2000. Kalikofore (Siphonophora, Calycophorae) Jadranskog i Sredozemnog Mora. Calycophores (Siphonophora, Calycophorae) of the Adriatic Sea and Mediterranean Seas. Natura Croatica 9(2):1-198.
  18. Gao, S., H. Hong and S. Zhang. 2002. Phylum Cnidaria class Hydrozoa subclass Siphonophorae. Invertebrata 27 (Phylum Cnidaria). Fauna Sinica. pp. 1-275.
  19. Gasca, R. and E. Suarez. 1992. Sifonoforos (Cnidaria: Sipbonopbora) del Domo de Costa Ric. Revista de biologia tropical 40(1):125-130.
  20. Gegenbaur, C. 1853. Beitrage zur naheren Kenntniss der Schwimmpolypen (Siphonophoren). Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie 5:285-344.
  21. Grossmann, M.M. and D.J. Lindsay. 2013. Diversity and distribution of the Siphonophora (Cnidaria) in Sagami Bay, Japan, and their association with tropical and subarctic water masses. Journal of Oceanography 69(4):395-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-013-0181-9
  22. Grossmann, M.M., A.G. Collins and D.J. Lindsay. 2014. Description of the eudoxid stages of Lensia havock and Lensia leloupi (Cnidaria: Siphonophora: Calycophorae), with a review of all known Lensia eudoxid bracts. Systematics and Biodiversity 12(2):163-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.902867
  23. Grossmann, M.M., J. Nishikawa and D.J. Lindsay. 2015. Diversity and community structure of pelagic cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, Southeast Asian tropical marginal seas. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 100:54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.02.005
  24. Gusmao, L.M.O., X.F.G. Diaz, M. de Melo Jr, R. Schwamborn and S. Neumann-Leitao. 2015. Jellyfish diversity and distribution patterns in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic. Marine Ecology 36(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12119
  25. Hela, I., H.B. Moore and H. Owre. 1953. Seasonal changes in the surface water masses and in their plankton in the Bermuda area. Bulletin of Marine Science 3(3):157-167.
  26. Hsieh, H.Y., S.F. Yu and W.T. Lo. 2013. Influence of monsoon-driven hydrographic features on siphonophore assemblages in the Taiwan Strait, western North Pacific Ocean. Marine and Freshwater Research 64(4):348-358. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF12151
  27. Hure, M., H. Mihanovic, D. Lucic, Z. Ljubesic and P. Kruzic. 2018. Mesozooplankton spatial distribution and community structure in the South Adriatic Sea during two winters (2015, 2016). Marine Ecology 39(1).
  28. Huxley, T.H. 1859. The Oceanic Hydrozoa: A Description of the Calycophoridae and Physophoridae Observed During the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake in the Years 1846-1850. Ray society.
  29. Kirkpatrick, P.A. and P.R. Pugh. (Eds.). 1984. Siphonophores and velellids: keys and notes for the identification of the species. Synopses of the British fauna 29:154.
  30. Lang da Silveira, F. and A. Carrara Morandini. 2011. Checklist dos Cnidaria do estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11(1):445-454. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000500016
  31. Leloup, E. 1934. Siphonophores calycophorides de l'Ocean Atlantique tropical et austral. Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 10(6):1-87.
  32. Leloup, E. 1935. Les siphonophores de la rade de Villefranche-sur-Mer (Alpes Maritimes, France). Bulletin de Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 11(31):1-12.
  33. Lens, A.D. and T. van Riemsdijk. 1908. The Siphonophora of the "Siboga" Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 9:1-130.
  34. Li, K.Z., J.Q. Yin, L.M. Huang and X.Y. Song. 2012. Comparison of siphonophore distributions during the southwest and northeast monsoons on the northwest continental shelf of the South China Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 34(7):636-641. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbs035
  35. Li, K., J. Yin, L. Huang, Y. Tan and Q. Lin. 2017. A comparison of the zooplankton community in the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea during April-May, 2010. Journal of Ocean University of China 16(6):1206-1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-017-3229-4
  36. Lluch-Cota, S.E., E.A. Aragon-Noriega, F. Arreguin-Sanchez, D. Aurioles-Gamboa, J.J. Bautista-Romero, R.C. Brusca, R. Cervantes-Duarte, R. Cortes-Altamirano, P. Del-Monte-Luna, A. Esquivel-Herrera, G. Fernandez, M.E. Hendrickx, S. Hernandez-Vazquez, H. Herrera-Cervantes, M. Kahru, M. Lavin, D. Lluch-Belda, D.B. Lluch-Cota, J. Lopez-Martinez, S.G. Marinone, M.O. Nevarez-Martinez, S. Ortega-Garcia, E. Palacios-Castro, A. Pares-Sierra, G. Ponce-Diaz, M. Ramirez-Rodriguez, C.A. Salinas-Zavala, R.A. Schwartzlose and A.P. Sierra-Beltran. 2007. The Gulf of California: review of ecosystem status and sustainability challenges. Progress in Oceanography 73(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2007.01.013
  37. Lo, W.T. and D.C. Biggs. 1996. Temporal variability in the night-time distribution of epipelagic siphonophores in the North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda. Journal of Plankton Research 18(6):923-939. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/18.6.923
  38. Lo, W.T., P.R. Kang and H.Y. Hsieh. 2012. Siphonophores from a transect off southern Taiwan between Kuroshio Current and South China Sea. Zoological Studies 51(8):1354-1366.
  39. Lo, W.T., S.F. Yu and H.Y. Hsieh. 2014. Hydrographic processes driven by seasonal monsoon system affect siphonophore assemblages in tropical-subtropical waters (Western North Pacific Ocean). PlOS One 9(6):e100085. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100085
  40. Longhurst, A.R. 1967. Diversity and trophic structure of zooplankton communities in the California Current. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 14(4):393-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(67)90047-2
  41. Mackie, G.O. 1963. Siphonophores, bud colonies, and superorganisms. The Lower Metazoa (E. Dougherty, ed.). University of California Press, Berkeley. pp. 329-337.
  42. Mackie, G.O., P.R. Pugh and J.E. Purcell. 1987. Siphonophore Biology. Advances in Marine Biology 24:97-262.
  43. Manko, M.K., A.W. Slomska and K. Jazdzewski. 2017. Siphonophora of the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) and their associations with crustaceans. Marine Biology Research 13(5):480-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1296577
  44. Mapstone, G.M. 2001. Siphonophora, In: M.J. Costello et al. (eds.), European register of marine species: a checklist of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50:120-122.
  45. Mapstone, G.M. 2009. Siphonophora (Cindaria: Hydrozoa) of Canadian Pacific waters. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. pp. 1-302.
  46. Mapstone, G.M. 2014. Global diversity and review of the Siphonophorae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). PLOS One 9(2):e87737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087737
  47. McCosker, E. 2016. Influence of oceanographic conditions on coastal zooplankton assemblages at three IMOS National Reference Stations in Western Australia. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University.
  48. Michel, H.B. and M. Foyo. 1977. Studies on Caribbean zooplankton. In: Cooperative investigations of the Caribbean and adjacent regions, II. FAO Fisheries Reports 200:275-289.
  49. Moore, H.B. 1949. The zooplankton of the upper wqaters of the Bermuda area of the North Atlantic. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, Yale University 12(2):1-97.
  50. Moore, H.B. and E.G. Corwin. 1956. The Effects of Temperature, Illumination and Pressure on the Vertical Distribution of Zooplankton. Bulletin of Marine Science 6(4):273-287.
  51. Morandini, A.C., S. Gul, V. Haussermann and U. Porschmann. 2015. Checklist of cnidarians from Pakistani waters. Check List 11:1.
  52. Moura, C.J., D.J. Harris, M.R. Cunha and A.D. Rogers. 2008. DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from coastal and deep-sea environments. Zoologica Scripta 37:93-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00312.x
  53. Munro, C., S. Siebert, F. Zapata, M. Howison, A. Damian-Serrano, S.H. Church, F.E. Goetz, P.R. Pugh, S.H. Haddock and C.W. Dunn. 2018. Improved phylogenetic resolution within Siphonophora (Cnidaria) with implications for trait evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127:823-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.030
  54. National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). 2019. National List of Species of Korea (2018) [Available from: http://kbr.go.kr, accessed 25 September 2019].
  55. Nishiyama, E.Y., E.M. Araujo and O.M.P. Oliveira. 2016. Species of Lensia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Siphonophorae) from southeastern Brazilian waters. Zoologia 33(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs150160
  56. Owre, H.B. and M. Foyo. 1972. Studies on Caribbean Zooplankton. Description of the Program and Results of the First Cruise. Bulletin of Marine Science 22(2):483-521.
  57. Pages, F. and J.M. Gili. 1992. Siphonophores (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina 56(1):65-112.
  58. Pages, F., J.M. Gili and J. Bouillon. 1989. The Siphonophores (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of Hansa Bay, Papua New Guinea, Indo-Malayan Zoology 6:133-140.
  59. Pages, F., H.M. Verheye, J.M. Gili and J. Flos. 1991. Shortterm effects of coastal upwelling and wind reversals on epiplanktonic cnidarians in the southern Benguela ecosystem. South African Journal of Marine Science 10(1):203-211. https://doi.org/10.2989/02577619109504632
  60. Pakhomov, E.A., R. Perissinotto and C.D. McQuaid. 1994. Comparative structure of the macrozooplankton/micronekton communities of the Subtropical and Antarctic Polar Fronts. Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf 111(1):155-169.
  61. Palma, S. and N. Silva. 2006. Epipelagic siphonophore assemblages associated with water masses along a transect between Chile and Easter Island (eastern South Pacific Ocean). Journal of Plankton Research 28(12):1143-1151. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbl044
  62. Palomino, U.J., R. Lopez, M.J. Gibbons, F. Gusmao and A.J. Richardson. 2019. Siphonophores from surface waters of the Colombian Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99(1):67-80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417002065
  63. Patriti, G. 1970. Apercu systematique de la faune de siphonophores des zones superficielles et subsuperficielles des eaux du large de Tulear (S.W. de l'Ocean Indien, Madagascar). Recueil des Travaux de la Station marine d'Endoume. Fascicule hors serie suppl 10:285-303.
  64. Peter, S., B. Manojkumar, D. Pillai, A. Velusamy, B. Kamarudeen, P. Sreeparvathy and F. Agnes. 2018. Distribution and Diversity of Gelatinous Zooplankton in the South Eastern Arabian Sea, Kanyakumari to off Kollam. Vestnik Zoologii 52(5):379-388. https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2018-0040
  65. Pontin, D.R. and R.H. Cruickshank. 2012. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Physalia (Cnidaria: Siphonophora) in New Zealand coastal waters reveals cryptic diversity. Hydrobiologia 686:91-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0994-8
  66. Pugh, P.R. 1974. The vertical distribution of the siphonophores collected during the SOND cruise, 1965. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 54(1):25-90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400022086
  67. Pugh, P.R. 1999. Siphonophorae, In: Boltvoskoy D (Ed.) Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden 1:467-513.
  68. Pugh, P.R. and R. Gasca. 2009. Siphonophorae (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico origins, waters, and biota 1:395-402.
  69. Purcell, J.E. 1981. Dietary composition and diel feeding patterns of epipelagic siphonophores. Marine Biology 65(1):83-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397071
  70. Sanvicente-Anorve, L., C. Alba, M.A. Alatorre and C. FloresCoto. 2007. Cross-shelf and vertical distribution of siphonophore assemblages under the influence of freshwater outflows in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Hydrobiologia 586:69-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0492-6
  71. Sanvicente-Anorve, L., C. Alba, C. Flores-Coto and M. CastilloRivera. 2009. Siphonophores off a riverine system in the southern Gulf of Mexico: factors affecting their distribution and spatial niche breadth and overlap. Aquatic Ecology 43:423-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-008-9172-0
  72. Sardou, J. and V. Andersen. 1993. Micronekton and macroplankton in the Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea): Diel migrations and vertical distributions. Oceanologica Acta, Paris 16(4):381-392.
  73. Sears, M. 1950. Notes on siphonophores. I. Siphonophores from the Marshall Islands. Journal of Marine Research 9(1):1-16.
  74. Sharaf, G.M. and S.M. Al-Ghais. 1997. Distribution of zooplankton in offshore waters of the west coast of the united arab emirates. Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering 24(1):131-144.
  75. Soldevilla, F.L. and P.H. Hernandez. 1991. Preliminary list of zooplankton of the Canary Islands. II. Siphonophora, Pteropoda, Heteropoda, Ostracoda, Amphipoda and Decapoda. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal 43(230):149-158.
  76. Stepanjants, S.D. 1967. Siphonophores of the seas of the USSR and the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Opred Faune SSSR 96:1-216.
  77. Tao, Z., W. Rong and C. Yaqu. 2005. Net macrozooplankton community classification on the shelf area of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea in spring and autumn. Acta Ecologica Sinica 25(7):1531-1540. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2005.07.001
  78. Totton, A.K. 1932. Siphonophora. Scientific Reports, Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29, 4:317-374.
  79. Totton, A.K. 1936. Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VII. Siphonophora taken during the Year 1931. Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 21(4):231-240.
  80. Totton, A.K. 1954. Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports 27:1-162.
  81. Totton, A.K. 1965. A synopsis of the Siphonophora. British Museum (Natural History), The Thanet Press, Margate. 314.
  82. Totton, A.K. and J.H. Fraser. 1955. Siphonophora. Sub-Order: Calycophorae. Family: Diphyidae. Genera: Dimophyes, Muggiaea, Sulculeolaria, Chelophyes, Eudoxoides. Conseil International pour L'Exploration de la Mer Zooplankton Sheet 55:1-4.
  83. Wang, Y., X. Chen, B. Xing, R. Sun, N. Fitria, P. Xiang, C. Wang and M. Lin. 2018. Zooplankton composition and distribution in the Lembeh Strait of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 37(12):35-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1286-1
  84. Xu, Z., M. Lin and Q. Gao. 2008. Causal analysis of the diversity of medusae in East China Sea. Frontiers of Biology in China 3(3):300-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-008-0057-3
  85. Zagami, G., F. Badalamenti, L. Guglielmo and A. Manganaro. 1996. Short-term variations of the zooplankton community near the Straits of Messina (North-eastern Sicily): relationships with the hydrodynamic regime. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 42(5):667-681. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1996.0043
  86. Zhang, J. and Z. Xu. 1980. On the geographical distribution of the Siphonophores in the China Sea. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium 19(3):100-108.
  87. Zhang, J., J. Hwang, G. Lian and S. Tang. 2005. Species diversity and abundance distribution of pelagic siphonophores from Nanwan Bay of Taiwan Island in late autumn and early winter. Journal of Tropical Oceanography 24(1):40-49.