Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
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A Study on the Distribution, Contents and Types of Stone Inscription of Wuyi-Gugok in China

중국 무이구곡 바위글씨(石刻)의 분포와 내용 및 유형에 관한 연구

  • Rho, Jae-Hyun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Woosuk University) ;
  • Cheng, Zhao-Xia (Dept. of Life Science, Yuncheng University) ;
  • Kim, Hong-Gyun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Kyunghee University)
  • Received : 2020.02.14
  • Accepted : 2020.03.16
  • Published : 2020.03.31
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Abstract

Through literature research and field investigation, this paper attempts to study the distribution, morphology and the typification of the visual and perceptual stone inscription in Wuyi-Gugok of China. The results are as follows: First, there are 350 stone inscriptions in total from the 1st Gok to 9th Gok in Wuyi-Gugok. Second, according to the analysis of the stone inscription distribution, 74(21.2%) stone inscriptions in the 5th Gok, 67(19.2%) in the 6th Gok, 65(18.6%) in the 1st Gok, 60(17.2%) in the 2nd Gok and 53(15.2%) in the 4th Gok are confirmed. The above five Goks contain 319(91.1%) stone inscriptions, so they have rich cultural landscape. Third, according to the survey, the number of the stone inscriptions existed in the Sugwangseok of the 1st Gok are 41(22.6%), in the Homagan of Cheonyubong of the 6th Gok are 29(8.3%), in the Jesiam of the 4th Gok are 23(6.6%), in the Nyeongam of the 2nd Gok are 22(6.3%), in the Hyangseongam of the 6th Gok are 21(6%), in the Unwa of the 5th Gok are 19(5.4%), in the Bokhoam of the 5th Gok are 18(5.1%), in the Eunbyeongbong of the 5th Gok are 17(4.9%), in the Daejangbong of the 4th Gok are 14(4%), in the Daewangbong of the 1st Gok and the Geumgokam of the 4th Gok are 12(3.4%). Thus, a total of 228 (65.1%) stone inscriptions are concentrated in these 11 sites, which represent the popularity and cultural value of these rocks. Fourth, the stone inscription of Wuyi-Gugok, praising the landform and topographical geological landscape of Mount Wuyi, mainly describe the scenic name of each Gok related to Zhu Xi's Gugok culture, appreciate Zhu Xi's tracks and the stone inscription in the sacred land of Neo-Confucianism culture, and also record the Confucian edification of mencius thoughts, Muigun(武夷君) and the myths and legends related to the site names of Wuyi mountain, which can remind people of the worldview of the celestial paradise where the gods live and the fairyland of the land of peach blossoms. In addition, it indicates that the historical and cultural landscape, which is full of colorful history and myths and legends, including allusions related to Confucian, buddhist and Taoist celebrities and the ancestor ancient things related to traditional culture of China is very diverse. Fifth, the results of the classification, based on the content of the stone inscription in Wuyi-Gugok, are classified as the scenery name inscription, the praise scene inscription, the recording travel inscription, the recording event inscription, the philosophy inscription, the expressing emotion inscription, the religion inscription, the inscription for auspiciousness, the slogan and expressing ambition inscription and the official document notice inscription, among which there are 102(29.1%) praise scene inscriptions, 93(26.6%) scenery name inscriptions and 61(17.4%) recording travel inscriptions. The stone inscriptions of Wuyi-Gugok have the characteristics of the special emphasis on scenery names, landscape praise and commemorative tours. Sixth, the analysis of the intertext between the 「Figure of Wuyi-Gugok」 and Wuyi-Gugok rock letters, in the study found that the method of propagation between media was mostly the method of propagation of quotations and maintained intermedia through extension, repetition, extension, and compression.

문헌연구와 현장조사를 통해 중국 무이구곡에서 시지각되는 바위글씨의 분포와 형태 그리고 내용에 따른 바위글씨의 유형화를 시도한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 무이산 무이구곡에는 1곡부터 9곡까지 모든 곡에 바위글씨가 현존하며 그 수는 총 350방으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 바위글씨의 분포 분석 결과, 제5곡에 74방(21.2%), 제6곡 67방(19.2%), 제1곡 65방(18.6%), 제2곡 60방(17.2%) 그리고 제4곡에 53방(15.2%)이 확인되어 이들 5곡에 전체 319방(91.1%)의 바위글씨가 집중됨으로써 이들 곡의 문화경관성이 풍부한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 바위글씨 개체수는 1곡 수광석에 41방(22.6%), 6곡 천유봉 호마간에 29방(8.3%), 4곡 제시암에 23방(6.6%), 2곡 영암에 22방(6.3%), 6곡 향성암에 21방(6%), 5곡 운와에 19방(5.4%)·복호암에 18방(5.1%)·은병봉에 17방(4.9%), 4곡 대장봉에 14방(4%), 1곡 대왕봉, 4곡 금곡암에 각각 12방(3.4%)의 바위글씨가 존재하는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 11개소의 개체 바위에 총 228방(65.1%)이 집중되는 경향을 보여 이들 바위의 지명도와 문화적 가치를 대변하고 있다. 넷째, 무이구곡 바위글씨는 무이산의 지모 및 지형지질에 대한 찬미, 무이군과 지명과 관련된 설화, 공맹(孔孟)의 사상을 담는 유가적 교훈, 주자의 무이도가와 관련된 경명과 주자의 행적 등 성리문화의 상찬 그리고 동천복지의 세계관과 도화원기의 선경 등이 주류를 이루고 있다. 또한 삼교와 관련된 유·불·선 명인들의 고사를 포함한 중국 전통문화와 관련한 선인고사(先人古事) 등의 매우 다양하고 다채로운 역사와 신화, 전설을 담는 역사문화 풍경을 내포하고 있다. 다섯째, 무이구곡 바위글씨의 내용을 바탕으로 분류한 결과, 경명·찬경·기유·기사·철리·서회·종교·길어·표어·서지제각 그리고 관문고시 등 11개 유형으로 분류되었다. 이 중 찬경제각(贊景題刻)이 102방(29.1%), 경명제각(景名題刻)이 93방(26.6%) 그리고 기유제각(紀遊題刻)이 61방(17.4%)의 순으로 나타나 무이구곡의 바위글씨는 경물명의 제시와 경관 찬미 그리고 유람을 기념하는 성격이 특히 강한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 여섯째, 연구대상 6개 구곡도와 무이구곡 바위글씨 간의 상호텍스트성 분석 결과, 매체간의 전파방법은 대부분 '인용'이 주류를 이루었으며 이밖에 확장, 반복, 연장 그리고 압축을 통해 상호매체성을 유지한 것으로 확인되었다.

Keywords

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