Information Systems Review (경영정보학연구)

The Korea Society of Management Information Systems (한국경영정보학회)
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Intention to Participate Crowdfunding based on Trust and Perceived Risk: An Exploratory Study with Comparison between Korea and Austria

이용자의 신뢰와 위험인지에 따른 크라우드펀딩(Crowdfunding) 참여의도: 한국과 오스트리아 탐색적 비교 연구

  • JiHyun Lee (Framing) ;
  • SangAh Park (GLOMIS (Global Studies on Management Information Science) Graduate School, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • DongBack Seo (Department of Management Information Systems, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2019.10.01
  • Accepted : 2020.01.06
  • Published : 2020.02.29
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Abstract

With the penetration of the Internet and e-commerce, a 'crowdfunding' has emerged as a new way of financing. Crowdfunding has the advantage for a person to able to a simple way to finance her/his an innovative product or service from crowd. However, the success rate for crowdfunding projects is less than half. In this study, we introduce social exchange theory to explore the impact of trust and perceived psychological risk on the intention to participate in a crowdfunding website. Different from previous studies that have focused on a crowdfunding creator, we consider two different perspectives of a project creator and a project supporter. In addition, we compare perceptions of crowdfunding in different cultural contexts by conducting survey in two different countries Korea and Austria. Result shows that trust in recommendation and trust in website have different impacts on the intention to participate from two different perspectives. It also shows that perception of the quality and transparency of information provided by crowdfunding website has greater impact on trust in Korea than that in Austria. In case of perception of psychological risk, it has a negative impact on Austria's intention to create or support a project. On the other hand, it has relatively small impact on the intention to support and does not affect the intention to create a project in Korea.

인터넷의 보급 및 전자상거래의 확산에 따라 기업 및 개인의 자금조달 방식에도 '크라우드펀딩(crowdfunding)'이라는 새로운 기법이 등장하였다. 크라우드펀딩은 프로젝트 개설자에게는 간단한 자금조달을 가능하게 하고 프로젝트 후원자에게는 혁신적인 제품이나 서비스를 제공할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 크라우드펀딩 프로젝트의 목표달성 성공률은 절반에도 미치지 못하는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사회적 교환 이론을 도입하여 크라우드펀딩 참여자의 크라우드펀딩 웹사이트에 대한 신뢰와 위험 인지가 참여 의도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 크라우드펀딩 후원자를 중심으로 연구해 온 기존의 연구와는 차별적으로 본 연구에서는 크라우드펀딩의 많은 참여자가 개설자로서 그리고 후원자로서 참여하기에 크라우드펀딩 웹사이트에 대한 인식을 서로 다른 두 입장을 고려하여 연구하였다. 또한, 한국과 오스트리아라는 다른 문화적 맥락을 가진 두 나라의 대학생들에게 설문을 진행함으로써 크라우드펀딩에 대한 두 집단의 인식을 비교해 보았다. 연구 결과, 개설자 입장과 후원자 입장에 따라 후기에 대한 신뢰와 웹사이트에 대한 신뢰가 크라우딩펀딩 참여의도에 다르게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 오스트리아보다 한국에서 크라우드펀딩 웹사이트가 제공하는 정보의 질과 투명성에 대한 인식이 신뢰에 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 게다가 크라우드펀딩 웹사이트를 사용하면서 느끼는 심리적 위험의 경우, 오스트리아의 개설자 입장과 후원자 입장에서 각각 프로젝트를 개설하거나 후원하려는 의도에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 반면, 이같은 심리적 위험은 한국 개설자 입장에서 프로젝트를 개설하려는 의도에는 영향을 미치지 않으며 후원자 입장에서 프로젝트를 후원하려는 의도에서도 상대적으로 영향이 작은 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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