Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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A Study on Singapore Startup Ecosystem using Regional Transformation of Isenberg(2010)

싱가포르 창업생태계 연구: Isenberg(2010) 프레임워크의 지역적 변용을 통한 질적 연구를 중심으로

  • Received : 2020.01.07
  • Accepted : 2020.04.06
  • Published : 2020.04.30
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Abstract

With the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in sight, innovative business models utilizing new technologies are emerging, and startups are enjoying an abundance of opportunities based on the agility to respond to disruptive innovations and the opening to new technologies. However, what is most important in creating a sustainable start-up ecosystem is not the start-up itself, but the process of research-start-investment-investment-the leap to listing and big business-in order to build a virtuous circle of startups that leads to re-investment. To this end, the environment created in the hub area where start-ups were conducted is important, and these material and non-material environmental factors are described as being inclusive by the word "entrepreneurial ecosystem." This study aims to provide implications for Korea's entrepreneurial ecosystem through the study of the interaction of the elements that make up the start-up ecosystem and the relationship of ecosystem participants in Singapore. Singapore has been consistently mentioned as the top two Asian countries in assessing the start-up environment and business environment. In this process, six elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem presented by Isenberg(2010)-policies, finance, culture, support, human resources, and market-are the best frameworks for analyzing entrepreneurial ecosystems in terms of well encompassing prior studies related to entrepreneurial ecosystem elements, and a model of regional transformation is formed focusing on some elements to suit Singapore, the target area of study. By considering that Singapore's political nature would inevitably have a huge impact on finance, Smart Nation policy was having an impact on university education related to entrepreneurship, and that the entrepreneurial networks and global connectivity formed within Singapore's start-up infrastructure had a significant impact on Singapore's start-up's performance, researches needed to look more at the factors of policy, culture and market. In addition, qualitative research of participants in the entrepreneurial ecosystem was essential to understand the internal interaction of the elements of the start-up ecosystem, so the semi-structured survey was conducted by visiting the site. As such, this study examined the status of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem based on qualitative research focused on policies, culture and market elements of Singapore's start-up ecosystem, and intended to provide implications for regulations related to start-ups, the role of universities and start-up infrastructure through comparison with Korea. This could contribute not only to the future research of the start-up ecosystem, but also to the creation of a start-up infrastructure, boosting the start-up ecosystem, and the establishment of the orientation of the start-up education in universities.

4차 산업 혁명의 시대가 가시화됨에 따라 새로운 기술을 활용한 혁신적인 비즈니스 모델들이 부상하고 있으며 스타트업은 파괴적인 혁신에 대응할 수 있는 민첩성과 새로운 기술에의 개방을 기반으로 기회의 풍요를 누리고 있다. 하지만 지속가능한 창업 생태계를 조성하는 데에 있어 가장 중요한 것은 창업 그 자체가 아닌, 연구-창업-투자-상장 및 대기업으로의 도약- 재투자로 이어지는 스타트업의 선순환을 구축하는 것이다. 이를 위해서는 창업이 행해진 거점 지역에 조성된 환경이 중요한데, 이러한 물질적, 비물질적 환경 요인들은 '창업생태계'라는 단어로 포괄되어 일컬어진다. 이러한 지역 중점의 창업생태계 연구는 해당 지역 내의 요소들 간의 상호 작용이 어떻게 새로운 벤처의 경쟁력을 높이는 데에 기여하고 이들을 지원하는 지역 환경을 만드는 지에 중점을 두고 진행된다. 본 연구는 창업환경 및 기업 환경 평가에 있어 아시아 국가 1,2위에 꾸준히 언급되는 싱가포르를 지역적 맥락으로 설정하여, 현지 창업생태계를 구성하는 요소들의 상호작용과 생태계 참여자들의 관계성에 대한 연구를 통해 한국의 창업생태계에의 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이 과정에서 Isenberg(2010)가 제시한 창업생태계의 6가지 요소- 정책, 금융, 문화, 지원, 인적자원, 시장-가 창업생태계 요소와 관련된 선행연구를 잘 포괄한다는 점에서 창업생태계를 분석하는 데에 가장 적합한 프레임워크임을 대전제로 두고, 연구의 표적 지역인 싱가포르에 적합하도록 일부 요소들에 집중한 지역적 변용 모델을 구축하고자 하였다. 이에 싱가포르의 정치적 특성상 정책이라는 요소가 금융에 막대한 영향을 끼칠 수밖에 없다는 것, 스마트 네이션(Smart Nation) 정책의 기조가 기업가 정신과 관련된 대학 교육에 영향을 미치고 있다는 것, 그리고 싱가포르의 창업 인프라 내에서 형성되는 기업가 네트워크와 글로벌 연결성이 싱가포르 스타트업의 성과에 유의한 영향을 준다는 것을 고려하여 정책(Policy), 문화(Culture), 그리고 시장(Market)이라는 요소들을 더욱 주요하게 바라봐야 할 필요가 있다고 판단하였다. 또한, 창업생태계 요소들의 내부적인 상호작용을 파악하기 위해서는 창업생태계 참여자들을 대상으로 한 질적 연구가 필수적이므로 현지에 직접 방문하여 반구조화된 설문을 진행하였다. 이렇듯 본 연구는 싱가포르 창업생태계의 정책, 문화, 시장 요소에 집중한 질적 연구를 바탕으로 현지의 창업생태계 현황을 조사하였고, 한국과의 비교를 통해 스타트업 관련 규제, 대학의 역할, 창업 인프라 측면의 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이는 향후 진행될 창업생태계 연구뿐만 아니라, 창업 인프라의 조성, 창업생태계 활성화 방안 마련, 그리고 대학의 창업교육 방향성 설정에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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