Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology (한국환경복원기술학회지)

The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology (한국환경복원기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis on the Correlation Between Vegetation Structure and Environment Factors of the Geumosanseong-inside in Geumosan Provincial Park, in Korea

금오산도립공원의 금오산성 식생구조와 환경요인의 상관관계 분석

  • Kim, Hyoun-Sook (Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Park, Gwan-Soo (Department of Environmental & Forest Resources, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Myong (Research & Promotion Division, National Science Museum) ;
  • Lee, Joong-Ku (Department of Environmental & Forest Resources, Chungnam National University)
  • 김현숙 (충남대학교 농업과학연구소) ;
  • 박관수 (충남대학교 산림환경자원학과) ;
  • 이상명 (국립중앙과학관) ;
  • 이중구 (충남대학교 산림환경자원학과)
  • Received : 2020.03.06
  • Accepted : 2020.04.18
  • Published : 2020.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to compare and analyze forest vegetation distributed in Geumosanseong-inside in Geumosan Provincial Park from 2017.10 to 2019.6. The vegetation structure was classified by the phytosociological method and TWINSPAN and the correlation between the community structure and the environmental factors was analyzed using DCCA ordination analydsis. The vegetation structures are Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Q. acutissima, Larix leptolepis, Prunus padus and Morus alba community by the phytosociological method and 16 communities under TWINSPAN. The importance value of Q. mongolica(64.5) was the highest, and followed by F. mandshurica, L. leptolepis, Acer pseudosieboldianum, M. alba, P. padus, Q. acutissima, Sorbus alnifolia, P. serrulata var. pubescens, F. sieboldiana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Castanea crenata which is consistent with species having the dominance status by analysis of the vegetation structure. As the results of DBH analysis for taxon with high importance values, Q. mongolica and M. alba represented normal distribution, and thus, the dominance status of these species is likely to continue. L. leptolepis will maintain the dominance status due to high density of large individuals as compared with species above medium size. However, it will decrease because of high mortality after increase in age class. F. mandshurica and P. padus continue to show dominance status due to high density of young individuals as compared with species above medium size. Q. acutissima have high density of individuals above intermediate size and low density of young individuals, and thus, will maintain the dominance status. A. pseudosieboldianum, F. sieboldiana and R.schlippenbachii which are arborescent will present continuously high dominance status because of high density of young individuals. Soil analysis shows that whereas pH, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the research area were lower than the average values of overall forest soil and O.M, T-N, C.E.C and P2O5 were higher. We expected that these results were due to agricultures until 50 years ago in Geumosanseong-inside. As a result of DCCA ordination analysis using eleven environmental factors and communities classified by the phytosociological method analysis showed that Q. mongolica was distributed in the environment with higher elevation and O.M and steep slope, and lower P2O5, Mg2+ and Ca2+. In contrast to F. mandshurica, Q. acutissima was distributed in higher K+ and lower pH. L. leptolepsis was distributed in various environment.

Keywords

References

  1. Brady, N.C. (1990) The nature and properties of soils. Macmillan pub. Com., New Yok, 621pp.
  2. Braun-Blanquet, J. (1928) Pflanzensoziologie. Springer-Verlag., 1st ed., Berlin. 1928., 2nd ed., Vienna. New York. 1951, 631pp. (in German)
  3. Braun-Blanquet, J. (1964) Pflanzensoziologie. grundzuge der vegetationskunde. Springer-Verlag, New York, 631pp. (in German)
  4. Che, S.H. and W. Kim (1997) Comparison of plant community structures in cut and uncut areas at burned area of Gumo-san. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 86(4): 509-520. (in Korean with English abstract)
  5. Chung, J.C., K.K. Jang, J.H. Choi, S.K. Jang and D.H. Oh (1997) An analysis of vegetation-environment relationship and forest community in Mt. Unjang by TWINSPAN and ORDINATION. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 86(4): 459-465. (in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Clement, F. E. (1916) Plant succession An analysis of the development of vegetation. Carnegie Inst., Washington. 512pp.
  7. Cox, G.W. (1976) Laboratory Manual of General Ecology. Wn.C. Brown Co.. 232pp.
  8. Curtis, J.T. and R.P. McIntosh (1951) An upland forest continuum in the prairie forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32(3): 476-496. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931725
  9. Dierssen, K. (1990) Einfuhrung in die pflanzensoziologie. Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 241pp. (in German)
  10. Gleason, H. A. (1926) The individualistic comcept of the plant assodiation. Bull. Torrey Bot. Glub. 53: 7-26. https://doi.org/10.2307/2479933
  11. Goodall, D.W. (1954) Vegetational classification and vegetational continua. Angew. Pflanxensoxiologie. Wien. Festschrift. Qichiager 1: 168-182.
  12. Han, B.H., J.W. Choi, T.H. Noh and J.Y. Hur (2014) The structure of plant community of the Woonsooam valley in Jogyesan, Suncheon. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 28(1): 45-54. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.1.45
  13. Hill, M.O (1979a) DECORANA - a FORTRAN Program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Ecology and Systematics, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, New York.
  14. Hill, M.O. (1979b) TWINSPAN - a FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes. Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell Univ. Press. 50pp.
  15. http://www.gumi.go.kr/tour/contents.
  16. Im, J.N. (2000) Soil and plant analysis. Rural Development Administration. 202pp.
  17. Jang, K.K., H.O. Song and S.D. Kim (1997) Study on classification of Quercus mongolica forests in Kangwon-do by phytosociological mothod and TWINSPAN. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 86(2): 214-222. (in Korean with English abstract)
  18. Jeong, J.H., K.S. Koo, C.H. Lee and C.S. Kim (2002) Physio-chemical properties of Korean forest soils by regions. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 91(6): 694-700. (in Korean with English abstract)
  19. Kang, H.M. (2019) Vegetation characteristics of evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Duryunsan Provincial Park. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 33(5): 552-564. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.5.552
  20. Kang, H.M., S.G. Park, J.S. Kim, S.C. Lee and S.H. Choi (2019) Vegetation characteristics of ridge in the Seonunsan Provincial Park. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 33(1): 75-85. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.1.75
  21. Kim, B.S., B.S. Kil and C.H. Kim (2002) A Study on the forest vegetation of Moaksan, Chollabuk-do. Korean J. Ecol. 25(1): 15-20. (in Korean with English abstract)
  22. Kim, C.S. and J.G. Oh (1993) Phytosociological study on the vegetation of Mt. Mudeung. Korean J. Ecol. 16(1): 93-114. (in Korean with English abstract)
  23. Kim, H.S. (2010) A Study on ecological characteristic of forest vegetation in Deogyusan National Park, Korea. Chungnam National University a Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
  24. Kim, H.S., S.M. Lee, H.L. Chung and H.K. Song (2009) A study of the vegetation in the Deogyusan National Park (focused on the deciduous forest at Namdeogyu area). Kor. J. Env. Eco. 23(5): 471-484.
  25. Kim, H.S., G.S. Park, S.M. Lee, J.G. Lee and J.H. Kim (2018) Analysis of forest vegetation in Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Park of Korea. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 32(5): 513-531. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2018.32.5.513
  26. Kim, W. and K.H. Sung (1995) A comparison of the plant community structures in the burned and unburned areas of Kumo-san. Korean J. Ecol. 19(1): 55-64. (in Korean with English abstract)
  27. Kimmins, J.P. (1987) Forest ecology. Macmillan. 531pp.
  28. Kim, J.Y. (2012) The structure of the plant community in Seonamsagol (valley), Jogyesan Provincial Park, Suncheon City. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 26(4): 593-603. (in Korean with English abstract)
  29. Korea Meteorological Administration (1999-2019) http://www.weather.go.kr
  30. Korea National Arboretum. National Biodiversity Information System. Retrieved (2019), from http://www.nature.go.kr
  31. Krebs, C.J. (1978) Ecology : The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. Harper and Row. 678pp.
  32. Lee, C.Y. (2000) Forest environment soil science. Boseongmoonhwasa. (in Korean)
  33. Lee, S.C., H.M. Kang, J.S. Kim, C.Y. Yu and S.H. Choi (2014) A study on the correlation between plant community and environmental factors of Tongdosa (temple) area, Gajisan Provincial Park. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 28(6): 715-724. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.6.715
  34. Lee, T.B. (2003) Coloured flora of Korea. Hangmunsa, 999pp. (in Korean)
  35. Lee, W.T. and Y.J. Yim (1978) Studies on the distribution of vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 8, Supplement: 1-33. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.1978.8.1.001
  36. Moon, H.S. (2001) Studies on the forest vegetation structure in subalpine zone of Mt. Deokyu National Park. J. Agriculture & Life Sciences 35: 47-54. (in Korean with English abstract)
  37. Mueller-Dombois, D. and H. Ellenberg (1974) Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John Wiley and sons. N. Y. 547pp.
  38. Park, G.S. and K.K. Jang (1998) Soil properties in Quercus mongolica communities. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 12(2): 236-241. (in Korean with English abstract)
  39. Sasaki, Y. (1970) Versuch zur systematischen und geographischen Gliederung der japanischen Buchenwaldgesellschaften. Vegetatio. 20(1-4): 214-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01965535
  40. Seo, B.S., S.C. Kim, K.W. Lee, C.M. Park and C.H. Lee (1995) A study on the structure of vegetation in Deokyusan National Park. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 22(4): 177-185. (in Korean with English abstract)
  41. Song, H.K., S.K. So, M.Y. Kim, J.M. Park S.H. Lee and G.S. Park (2007) Vegetation-environment relationships An analysis of vegetation-environment relationships in forest community of Ullung Island. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 21(1): 82-92. (in Korean with English abstract)
  42. Song, J.S., K.S. Roh, H.S. Chung, S.D. Song, K. Ohno and Y. Mochida (1999) Phytosociology of the Quercus spp. forests on Mts. Palgong, Kumo and Hwangak in the city areas of Taegu, Kumi and Kimchon, Kyungpook province, Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 13(3): 220-233. (in Korean with English abstract)
  43. Song, J.S., D.G. Sin, J.S. Lee, H.K. Kim and G.H. Eom (2009) Synecological study of the forest vegetation on Mt. Boryeonsan, Chungcheongbuk Province. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 23(1): 66-77. (in Korean with English abstract)
  44. Sorensenim, T.A. (1948) A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content, and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons. Biologiske Skrifter 5(4): 1-34.
  45. Ter Braak, C.J.F. (1998) CANOCO - A FORTRAN program for canonical community ordination by [partial] [detrended] [canonical] correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis (version 4.0). Data analysis in community and landscape ecology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 91-173pp.
  46. Yim, Y.J. and T. Kira (1975) Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in the Korean peninsula. I. Distribution of some indices of thermal climate. Jap. J. Ecol. 25: 77-88.
  47. Yu, J.E. and H.K. Song (1989) The analysis of vegetation - environment relationships of Mt. Sokri by TWINSPAN (Two-way indicator species analysis)and DCCA. Res. Rep. Env. Sci. Tech Chungnam Univ., Korea, Vol. 7: 1-8. (in Korean with English abstract)
  48. Yun, Y.G. (1985) Geumosanseong basic survey report. Gyeongsangbuk-do Gumi. 22pp.
  49. Whittaker, R.H. (1956) Vegetation of the Great Smokey Mountains. Ecol. Monographs 26: 1-80. https://doi.org/10.2307/1943577