Journal of Naturopathy (한국자연치유학회지)

Koean Soceity for Naturopathy (한국자연치유학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Concert Oriented Music Therapy(COMT) Alleviates Depression: Validated on Elderly Persons with Visual Impairments

연주회 중심의 음악치료에 대한 시각장애 노인의 우울 개선 효과

  • Hong, Geum Na (Graduate School of Jeju National Univ) ;
  • Kim, Seong Chan (Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Course in Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National Univ.) ;
  • Choi, Min Joo (Dept. of Medicine, Jeju National Univ.)
  • 홍금나 (제주대학교 대학원) ;
  • 김성찬 (제주대학교 의공학협동과정) ;
  • 최민주 (제주대학교 의학전문대학원)
  • Received : 2020.08.15
  • Accepted : 2020.09.10
  • Published : 2020.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study proposes a concert oriented music therapy (COMT) program which takes into account the personal and social factors of depression, and its clinical effects were validated on elderly persons with visual impairments who were susceptible to depression. The experiment was conducted on 34 elderly persons with visual impairments, randomly allocated to either the experimental group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 19). The COMT program was applied 20 times in total to the experimental group for 110 minutes every other week, for a duration of 10 months. The depression level was evaluated using the Korean form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). The experimental results showed that the average KGDS score in the experimental group decreased by 4.1 points (19.4%), from 21.0 to 16.9, whereas it increased by 1.16 points (5.8%), from 19.95 to 21.11, in the control group. The reduction in the depression level was significant for the following 4 depression factors : decreased social interest (40%), negative thinking and the unhappiness feeling (20%), emotional discomfort (16.3%), and cognitive dysfunction (7.6%), whereas it was negligible in the factors of physical weakening and decreased vitality. The COMT program reduced the KGDS scores of the experimental group regardless of their experience in musical performance. In conclusion, the proposed COMT program proved to be efficacious in alleviating depression in elderly persons with visual impairments. In particular, it proved highly effective in helping with decreased social interest, namely, the social factor of depression which is not properly considered in existing music therapy methods.

목적: 본 연구는 우울증의 개인 및 사회적 요인을 고려한 콘서트 중심의 음악치료(concert oriented music therapy: COMT) 프로그램을 제안하고, 우울증에 취약한 시각 장애가 있는 노인에 대한 임상 효과를 검증했다. 방법: 실험은 시각 장애가 있는 노인 34명을 대상으로 실험군 (n = 15) 또는 대조군 (n = 19)에 무작위로 배정되었다. COMT 프로그램은 10개월 동안 격주 110 분 동안 실험 그룹에 총 20 회 적용되었다. 우울증 수준은 한국형 노인성 우울증 척도(KGDS)를 사용하여 평가되었다. 결과: 실험군의 평균 KGDS 점수는 21.0점에서 16.9점으로 4.1점 (19.4%) 감소한 반면, 대조군은 19.95점에서 21.11점으로 1.16점 (5.8%) 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 우울 수준의 감소는 사회적 관심 감소(40%), 부정적 사고 및 불행 감 (20%), 정서적 불편 함 (16.3%),인지 기능 장애 (7.6%)의 4 가지 우울증 요인에서 유의하게 나타났습니다. 결론: 제안된 COMT 프로그램은 시각 장애 노인의 우울증 완화에 효과가 있음이 입증되었다. 특히 기존의 음악 치료법에서는 제대로 고려하지 못했던 우울증의 사회적 요인 인 사회적 관심의 감소를 돕는 데 매우 효과적임을 입증했다

Keywords

References

  1. Brotons, M. and P. Pickett-Cooper. 1994. Preferences of alzheimer's disease patients for music activities: Singing, instruments, dance/movement, games, and composition / improvisation. J. Music Ther. 31(3): 220-233. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/31.3.220
  2. Brotons, M. and P. Pickett-Copper. 1996. The effect of music therapy intervention on agitation behaviors of Alzheimer's disease patients. J. Music Ther. 33(1): 2-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/33.1.2
  3. Clair, A.A. and B. Bernstein. 1990. The preference for vibrotactile versus auditory stimuli in severely regressed persons with dementia of the Alzheimer's type compared to those with dementia due to alcohol abuse. Music Ther. Perspect. 11(1): 24-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/11.1.24
  4. Clair, A.A. and B. Bernstein. 1993. The effects of socialization and music therapy intervention on self-esteem and loneliness in spouse caregivers of those diagnosed with dementia if the Alzheimer's type: A pilot study. Am. J. Alzheimer's Dis. and Rel. Disor. Res. 1(1): 24-32.
  5. Clair, A.A. 1996. Therapeutic uses of music with older adults. Health Professions Press. Baltimore.
  6. Clair, A.A. 1996. The effect of singing on alert responses in persons with late stage dementia. J. Music Ther. 33(3): 234-247. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/33.4.234
  7. Clair, A.A. and J. Memmott. 2008. Therapeutic uses of music with older adults. Am. Music Therapy Association.
  8. Clair, A.A. 2009. Older Adults Music Therapy Research Group. Korean translation edition. Sigma Press, Seoul.
  9. Gerdner, L.A. and E.A. Swanson. 1993. Effects of individualized music on confused and agitated elderly patients. Arch. Psych. Nurs. 7(5): 284-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(93)90006-I
  10. Goddaer, J. and I.L. Abraham. 1994. Effects of relaxing music on agitation during meals among nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment. Arch. Psych. Nurs. 8(2): 150-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(94)90048-5
  11. Hong, I.S. 2004. The effect of music therapy songwriting on speech expression and self-esteem in tracheostomy patients. Kor. Soc. Music Ther. Edu. Conf. pp. 12-26.
  12. Hong, I.S. 2008. Improvement by music therapy to the cognitive functions and depression of the elderly. Jeju National University Doctoral dissertation.
  13. Johnson, S. 1999. Personal communication.
  14. Jung, I.K., D.I. Kwak, S.H. Joe, and H.S. Lee. 1997. A study of standardization of korean form of geriatric depression scale(KGDS). J. Kor. Geriatirc Psych. 1(1): 61-72.
  15. Kim, Y.S. 1994. A study on the establishment of long-term care service types and program development in welfare facilities for the elderly. Kor. Old Age, Elderly Diseases, Labor and Chem. Ass. Conf. Series. Seoul, pp. 165-189.
  16. Lee, K.J. and S.J. Kim. 2011. The effects of percussion program on depression and self-esteem of the elderly living in residential care. J. Kor. Home Manag. Ass. 29(5): 153-163.
  17. Lipe, A. 1991. Using music therapy to enhance the quality of life in a client with Alzheimer's dementia: A case study. Music Ther. Persp. 9(3):102-105. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/9.1.102
  18. Lord, T.R. and J.E. Gardner. 1993. Effects of music on Alzheimer's patients. Percep. Motor Skills. 76(2): 451-455. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.451
  19. McCloskey, L. 1985. Music and the frail elderly. Activ. Adapt. Aging. 7(1): 73-75.
  20. Millard, K.O. and J.M. Smith. 1989. The influence of group singing therapy on the behavior of Alzheimer's disease patients. J. Music Ther. 26(1): 58-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/26.2.58
  21. Ormel, J., G.I. Kempen, D.J. Deeg, E,I .Brilman, von E Sonderen, and J. Relyvel. 1998. Functional, well-being, and health perception in late middle aged and older people: Comparing the effect of depressive symptoms and chronic medical conditions. J. Am. Geriatric Soc. 46(1): 39-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01011.x
  22. Papalia, D.E., C.J. Camp, and R.D. Felman. 1996. Adult development and aging. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  23. Pollock, N. and K. Namazi. 1992. The effect of music participation on the social behavior of Alzheimer's patients. J. Music Ther. 29(1): 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/29.1.54
  24. Redinbaugh, E.M. 1988. The use of music therapy in developing a communication system in a withdrawn, depressed older adult resident: A as study. Music Ther. Persp. 5(1): 82-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/5.1.82
  25. Roskam, K.S. 1993. Reeling the sound: The influence of music on behavior. San Francisco Press, San Francisco.
  26. Smith, G.H. 1986. A comparison of the effects of three treatment interventions on cognitive functioning of Alzheimer's patients. Music Ther. 64(1): 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/mt/6.1.41
  27. Wylie, M.E. 1990. A comparison of the effects of old familiar songs, antique objects, historical summaries, and general questions on the reminiscence of nursing-home residents. J. Music Ther. 27(1): 2-12 https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/27.1.2
  28. Yesavage, J.A., T.L. Brink, T.L. Rose, O, Lum, V, Huang, M. Adey, and Von Otto. 1983. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J. Psych. Res. 17(1): 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4