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Inhibition of Microbial Quorum Sensing Mediated Virulence Factors by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana

  • Parasuraman, Paramanantham (Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University) ;
  • Devadatha, B (Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University) ;
  • Sarma, V. Venkateswara (Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University) ;
  • Ranganathan, Sampathkumar (Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University) ;
  • Ampasala, Dinakara Rao (Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University) ;
  • Reddy, Dhanasekhar (Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala) ;
  • Kumavath, Ranjith (Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala) ;
  • Kim, In-Won (Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Patel, Sanjay K.S. (Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kalia, Vipin Chandra (Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Kul (Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Siddhardha, Busi (Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University)
  • Received : 2019.07.15
  • Accepted : 2020.01.17
  • Published : 2020.04.28

Abstract

Quorum sensing (QS)-mediated infections cause severe diseases in human beings. The control of infectious diseases by inhibiting QS using antipathogenic drugs is a promising approach as antibiotics are proving inefficient in treating these diseases. Marine fungal (Pestalotiopsis sydowiana PPR) extract was found to possess effective antipathogenic characteristics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract against test pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was 1,000 ㎍/ml. Sub-MIC concentrations (250 and 500 ㎍/ml) of fungal extract reduced QS-regulated virulence phenotypes such as the production of pyocyanin, chitinase, protease, elastase, and staphylolytic activity in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by 84.15%, 73.15%, 67.37%, 62.37%, and 33.65%, respectively. Moreover, it also reduced the production of exopolysaccharides (74.99%), rhamnolipids (68.01%), and alginate (54.98%), and inhibited the biofilm formation of the bacteria by 90.54%. In silico analysis revealed that the metabolite of P. sydowiana PPR binds to the bacterial QS receptor proteins (LasR and RhlR) similar to their respective natural signaling molecules. Cyclo(-Leu-Pro) (CLP) and 4-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (4-HPA) were identified as potent bioactive compounds among the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR using in silico approaches. The MIC values of CLP and 4-HPA against P. aeruginosa PAO1 were determined as 250 and 125 ㎍/ml, respectively. All the antivirulence assays were conducted at sub-MIC concentrations of CLP (125 ㎍/ml) and 4-HPA (62.5 ㎍/ml), which resulted in marked reduction in all the investigated virulence factors. This was further supported by gene expression studies. The findings suggest that the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR can be employed as promising QS inhibitors that target pathogenic bacteria.

Keywords

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